Vascular effects of combined enriched Korean Red ginseng (Panax Ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius) administration in individuals with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial

Jovanovski, Elena; Lea-Duvnjak-Smircic,; Komishon, Allison; Au‐Yeung, Fei; Zurbau, Andreea; Jenkins, Alexandra L.; Sung, Mi‐Kyung; Josse, Robert G.; Vuksan, Vladimir

doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102338

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although the previous randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showed improvement of the glucose and lipid parameters, such as HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and serum LDL levels in type 2 diabetic patients in response to the ginseng treatment [78,79], the administration of the subjects with MS to KRG did not grossly elicit significant improvement in the glucose and lipid profiles in the present study. On the other hand, a significant decrease in SBP (− 5.56 ± 11.71, p = 0.026) and a slight change in DBP were noted in the subjects exposed to KRG at a dose of 6000 mg/day for 8 weeks.…”

Section: Influences Of Krg Administration On Ms-related Markerscontrasting

confidence: 83%

Positive influence of gut microbiota on the effects of Korean red ginseng in metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

et al. 2021

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Background Ginseng, a traditional herbal medicine, has been used for thousands of years to treat various diseases including metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the underlying mechanism(s) of such beneficial actions of ginseng against MS is poorly understood. Emerging evidence indicates a close association of the host gut microbiota with MS. The present study was conducted to examine, whether the beneficial effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) against MS could be influenced by gut microbial population and whether gut microbial profile could be considered a valuable biomarker for targeted treatment strategy for MS in compliance with the predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM / 3PM). Methods This clinical study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effects of KRG treatment for 8 weeks on patients with MS. The anthropometric parameters, vital signs, metabolic biomarkers, and gut microbial composition through 16S rRNA gene sequencing were assessed at the baseline and endpoint. The impact of KRG was also evaluated after categorizing the subjects into responders and non-responders, as well as enterotypes 1 and 2 based on their gut microbial profile at the baseline. ResultsFifty out of 60 subjects who meet the MS criteria completed the trial without showing adverse reactions. The KRG treatment caused a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Microbial analysis revealed a decrease in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and an increase in Bacteroidetes in response to KRG. In patient stratification analysis, the responders showing marked improvement in the serum levels of lipid metabolic biomarkers TC and LDL due to the KRG treatment exhibited higher population of both the family Lachnospiraceae and order Clostridiales compared to the non-responders. The homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin level were decreased in enterotype 1 (Bacteroidesabundant group) and increased in enterotype 2 (prevotella-abundant group) following the KRG treatment. Conclusion In this study, the effects of KRG on the glucose metabolism in MS patients were influenced by the relative abundances of gut microbial population and differed according to the individual enterotype. Therefore, the analysis of enterotype categories is considered to be helpful in predicting the effectiveness of KRG on glucose homeostasis of MS patients individually. This will further help to decide on the appropriate treatment strategy for MS, in compliance with the perspective of PPPM.

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Section: Influences Of Krg Administration On Ms-related Markerscontrasting

confidence: 83%

Positive influence of gut microbiota on the effects of Korean red ginseng in metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

et al. 2021

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“…It can inhibit inflammatory reaction by regulating the expression of adhesion molecules and reducing the levels of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin, so as to protect and repair vascular endothelial cells and resist vascular sclerosis ( Yang, 2015 ). PQR, rich in Ginsenoside Rg3, can improve central systolic blood pressure and pulse wave components, reduce late systolic blood pressure and myocardial oxygen consumption, and reduce peripheral wave reflex to play a role in lowering blood pressure ( Jovanovski et al, 2020 ). However, although some studies have shown that PQR has a significant effect on the treatment of hypertension, there is a lack of in-depth research on its related mechanism.The pathogenesis of hypertension is very complex, and regulating inflammatory response may be only one of the important links.…”

Section: Physiochemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern pharmacological studies have shown that PQR has the effects of hypoglycemia ( Jenkins et al, 2017 ), hypotension ( Stavro et al, 2006 ), antioxidant ( Liu et al, 2019 ), anti-tumor ( Chang et al, 2018 ), immune regulation ( Jiang et al, 2020 ), neuroprotection ( Shin et al, 2016 ) and so on. It is commonly used in the treatment of cancer ( Chen et al, 2016 ), hypertension ( Jovanovski et al, 2020 ), diabetes ( Vuksan et al, 2019 ), myocardial ischemia ( Yu et al, 2020 ), gastrointestinal tract and other diseases ( Liu et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, PQR is also widely used in health care medicines, health food, health care cosmetics and other fields, such as drinks, biscuits, medicated meals, facial mask, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panacis Quinquefolii Radix: A Review of the Botany, Phytochemistry, Quality Control, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Industrial Applications Research Progress

et al. 2020

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On January 2, 2020, The National Health Commission and the State Administration for Market Regulation listed Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (PQR) as a medicinal and food homologous product. PQR is the dry root of Panax quinquefolium L., which has the functions of replenishing qi and nourishing Yin, clearing heat and producing body fluid. It is often used for qi deficiency and Yin deficiency, heat exhaustion, asthma and phlegm, dry mouth and pharynx. PQR is sweet, slightly bitter and cool in nature, and enter the heart, lung and kidney meridian exerts the remedial and hygienical effect. At present, active components such as saponins, flavonoids, fatty acids, polyalkynes, volatile oils and other nutrients such as amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements have been isolated from PQR. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that PQR has the effects of hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, anti fatigue, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective and so on. In addition, PQR is recognized as a health care product to strengthen the body and dispel diseases. It is not only the raw material of Traditional Chinese medicine preparations, but also the treasure of dietary therapy and herbal cuisine. This study not only reviewed the botany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of PQR, but also summarized its quality control, toxicity and industrial applications for the first time. This paper not only summarizes the development status of PQR, but also analyzes the shortcomings of the current research on PQR, and puts forward the corresponding solutions, in order to provide reference for future scholars to study PQR.

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“…1,2 It is commonly used in the treatment of cancer, immunoregulation, diabetes, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and other diseases. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Furthermore, PQ is also widely used in health food, health care medicines, health care cosmetics, and other fields, such as drinks, tea, and medicated meals. 9,10 Currently, the high value and strong export market of PQ have led to the overharvesting of wild PQ and the rapid development of artificial cultivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic changes of ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolium fruit at different development stages measured using UHPLC‐Orbitrap MS

Jin

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Some studies have shown that Panax quinquefolium fruit (PQF) could also be used as a potential medicinal resource. However, little is known about the composition of ginsenosides and their dynamic changes at different development stages of PQF. Therefore, this study is of great significance for the metabolomics and rational utilization of PQF. Methods The samples were analyzed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer (UHPLC‐Orbitrap MS), and the method of metabonomics was applied to profile the dynamic changes of ginsenosides in PQF at different development stages. Results A total of 109 ginsenosides were identified or tentatively characterized. Samples collected from different development stages were significantly discriminated according to ginsenoside contents. A total of 25 potential chemical markers enabling the differentiation were discovered. Conclusions For the first time, the study developed an UHPLC‐Orbitrap MS‐based approach to detect ginsenoside in PQF at different development stages using a non‐targeted mode. This comprehensive phytochemical profile study revealed the structural diversity and discrimination of ginsenosides in PQF at different development stages, which could provide the basis for the metabolomics and rational application of PQF.

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Vascular effects of combined enriched Korean Red ginseng (Panax Ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius) administration in individuals with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Positive influence of gut microbiota on the effects of Korean red ginseng in metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Positive influence of gut microbiota on the effects of Korean red ginseng in metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Panacis Quinquefolii Radix: A Review of the Botany, Phytochemistry, Quality Control, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Industrial Applications Research Progress

Dynamic changes of ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolium fruit at different development stages measured using UHPLC‐Orbitrap MS

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