Varying responses to the rat forced-swim test under diurnal and nocturnal conditions

Kelliher, Padraig; Connor, Thomas J.; Harkin, Andrew; Sanchéz, Connie; Kelly, John; Leonard, Brian E.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00213-4

Cited by 78 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Ascorbic acid values, as well as cholesterol in the adrenal gland, were lower in the animals submitted to swimming compared with the ones at rest. These outcomes were similar to the ones found by Kelliher et al (41) (2000) in a study with animals exercised by swimming. No difference was found in the two intensities (MLSS x 25% higher than it), when the cholesterol and ascorbic acid concentrations in the adrenal were compared.…”

Section: Adrenal Cholesterol Experimental Groupssupporting

confidence: 91%

Biomarcadores de estresse em ratos exercitados por natação em intensidades igual e superior à máxima fase estável de lactato

Contarteze

Manchado

Gobatto

et al. 2007

Rev Bras Med Esporte

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction:The level of stress during acute /chronic exercise is important, since higher levels of stress may impair animal welfare. The adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) and corticosterone hormone concentrations, as well as cholesterol and ascorbic acid concentrations in adrenal gland, are considered an important stress biomarker. Purpose: To analyze the sensitivity of the different biomarkers during acute swimming exercise in different intensities performed by rats. Methods: Male Wistar adult rats (n = 18) previously adapted to swimming were submitted to three 25 min. swimming tests with loads of 5.0; 5.5 and 6.0% of their body weight (BW), for maximum lactate steady state (MLSS) determination. After MLSS attainment, the animals were divided into two groups: M (n = 9) sacrificed shortly after a 25 min. session of exercise at the MLSS intensity or S (n = 9) sacrificed after exhaustive exercise at intensity 25% above MLSS. For comparison purposes, a control group C (n = 10) was sacrificed in rest. Results: Serum ACTH and corticosterone concentrations were higher after exercise for the two groups (M and S) when compared with control group C (P < 0.05). The group S presented higher concentrations for both hormones in relation to the group M (P < 0.05). The concentrations of the cholesterol and ascorbic acid in adrenal were lower after exercise for the two groups (M and S) when compared with control group C (P < 0.05). No significant differences in adrenal ascorbic acid and cholesterol levels were observed when the two exercise intensities (M and S) were compared (P < 0.05). Conclusion: All biomarkers of HPA activity pointed alterations in the stress level of the rats submitted to acute swimming exercise. ACTH and corticosterone serum concentrations showed to be more sensitive to small alterations in the effort intensity.

show abstract

Section: Adrenal Cholesterol Experimental Groupssupporting

confidence: 91%

Biomarcadores de estresse em ratos exercitados por natação em intensidades igual e superior à máxima fase estável de lactato

Contarteze

Manchado

Gobatto

et al. 2007

Rev Bras Med Esporte

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast to the general activity rats from the dark phase spend more time with the passive behavior, with floating [25], while lighting conditions during the test had no significant effect [26]. Similar to behavioral activity, the hormones of the HPA axis also showes circadian alterations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Do stress hormones connect environmental effects with behavior in the forced swim test?

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…For instance, time of testing can affect the measured nociception of mice (Chesler et al, 2002), while rats exhibit less escape behaviour and appear to be 'less stressed' in a forced swimming paradigm if tested during the dark period (Kelliher et al, 2000). Some suggest that research results may differ, too, depending on whether animals are tested after a quiet weekend, or at the end of a noisy week (Milligan et al, 1993).…”

Section: Mouse Biology and The Behavioural Tests Used In Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

From house mouse to mouse house: the behavioural biology of free-living Mus musculus and its implications in the laboratory

Latham

Mason

2004

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

283

236

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding a species' behaviour in natural conditions can give insights into its development, responses and welfare in captivity. Here, we review research and pest control literatures on the free-living house mouse (Mus musculus), analysing its sensory world, developmental processes and behaviour to suggest how laboratory environments might affect mouse welfare, normalcy, test design, and behaviour. Mouse development from foetus to weaning is influenced by prenatal stress and nutrient levels, and post-natal litter size and other factors affecting maternal care, all with lasting effects on adult bodyweight, aggression, activity levels, stress responsiveness and masculinisation. These influences may well be important in the laboratory, for example unwittingly differing between facilities leading to site-differences in phenotype. Murine senses are dominated by olfactory, auditory and tactile cues. Their hearing extends into the ultrasonic, and vision, from mid-range wavelengths to the ultraviolet. In mouse facilities, behaviour and welfare may therefore also be affected by sensory stimuli unnoticed by humans. The physical and social environment and behaviour of wild mice differ greatly from those of laboratory mice. Dispersal age varies with resource-levels and social cues, and mice often either live alone or in family groups. Mice occupy territories/ranges measuring a few square meters to several square kilometers, and which allow running, climbing, and burrowing. Mice are often active during dawn/dusk, and spend their time patrolling their territories, investigating neighbours' odour cues, foraging, finding mates and rearing litters. The potential impact of these many differences and restrictions on laboratory mouse development, normalcy and welfare has only begun to be explored.

show abstract

Varying responses to the rat forced-swim test under diurnal and nocturnal conditions

Cited by 78 publications

References 40 publications

Biomarcadores de estresse em ratos exercitados por natação em intensidades igual e superior à máxima fase estável de lactato

Biomarcadores de estresse em ratos exercitados por natação em intensidades igual e superior à máxima fase estável de lactato

Do stress hormones connect environmental effects with behavior in the forced swim test?

From house mouse to mouse house: the behavioural biology of free-living Mus musculus and its implications in the laboratory

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About