Abstract:The Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) is a significant marker of honeybee colony collapse disorder (CCD). In the present work, we provide the first evidence that Varroa destructor is IAPV replication-competent and capable of vectoring IAPV in honeybees. The honeybees became infected with IAPV after exposure to Varroa mites that carried the virus. The copy number of IAPV in bees was positively correlated with the density of Varroa mites and time period of exposure to Varroa mites. Further, we showed that the… Show more
“…This virus was first diagnosed in Israel, where it reportedly caused large scale honeybee mortality and symptoms included trembling wings and paralysis (Maori et al, 2007;Palacios et al, 2008). The detection of IAPV in Varroa mites sampled during this study is therefore of concern, especially since it was recently confirmed that Varroa mites are capable of transmitting IAPV to honeybees (Di Prisco et al, 2011). However, IAPV was only recorded during spring 2010 in two apiaries, showing a low prevalence (Table 2).…”
The loss of Apis mellifera L. colonies in recent years has, in many regions of the world, been alarmingly In spite of hosting few pathogens, yet most parasites, A. m. scutellata colonies appeared to be healthy.
“…This virus was first diagnosed in Israel, where it reportedly caused large scale honeybee mortality and symptoms included trembling wings and paralysis (Maori et al, 2007;Palacios et al, 2008). The detection of IAPV in Varroa mites sampled during this study is therefore of concern, especially since it was recently confirmed that Varroa mites are capable of transmitting IAPV to honeybees (Di Prisco et al, 2011). However, IAPV was only recorded during spring 2010 in two apiaries, showing a low prevalence (Table 2).…”
The loss of Apis mellifera L. colonies in recent years has, in many regions of the world, been alarmingly In spite of hosting few pathogens, yet most parasites, A. m. scutellata colonies appeared to be healthy.
“…[1] This disappearing of the bees may lead to serious consequences. Gut microflora and parasitic mites are likely to cause this phenomenon, [2] but little is known about the honeybee gut bacteria, where there might be potential pathogens. However, a well-known honeybee pathogenic bacteria (Paenibacillus larvae) that affects honeybee larvae causes a significant decrease in the honeybee population.…”
The honeybees (Apis mellifera) population is declining. The involved causes may be pathogens (mites, viruses and bacteria) and parasites, due to honeybee's compromised immune system, leading to various bee-associated infections. Therefore, the present study assessed the comparative efficacy of plant extracts, including neem (Azadirachta indica) and Barbaka (Vitex trifolia) against gut bacteria and ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor of honeybee A. mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae). The in vitro activities of the plant extracts were determined by using standard methods against five bee gut bacterial isolates, including the well-known bee pathogenic bacteria Paenibacillus larvae. Miticides were also assessed in field against honeybee mites. The obtained results from the phytochemical screening of Barbaka and neem extracts efficiency showed inhibitory zones with diameters of 23 mm with 60 mg/mL against P. larvae and 14 mm with 60 mg/mL against Escherichia coli, respectively. None of the extracts proved to be effective against Salmonella enterica and the neem extract showed intermediate activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus hominis. Likewise, Barbaka plant extracts were not effective against B. subtilis. Similarly, the relative treatment efficacies of neem and Barbaka extracts, together with conventional miticides against honeybee Varroa mites, varied significantly. However, the effect of Barbaka and neem extracts on the mite-infested colonies was lower than the effect of other treatments, but it was also higher than in the control colonies. This study concluded that Barbaka and neem extracts have antibacterial and miticidal activity and are reasonably safe. However, more trials have to be conducted, in order to validate these results.
“…Thus the present study focused on the potential association of IAPV with colony weakening represented by colonies with worse health status. Worse health status indicators included presence of clear IAPV disease symptoms, such as paralysis, loss of hair or inability to fly, depopulation, kleptoparasitism of stronger neighbouring colonies, diagnosed disease potentially associated with immune depletion such as chalkbrood (Glinski & Buczek, 2003;Aronstein & Murray, 2010); and problems to control Varroa destructor -mite infestation might lead to immunosuppression (Yang & CoxFoster, 2005), which may facilitate IAPV replication, as Varroa destructor has been described as an IAPV vector (Di Prisco et al, 2011). Sanitary status data were collected from the epidemiological surveys conducted by technicians upon sampling.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More recently, Martin et al (2012) reported similar results on the Hawaiian islands with IAPV loads in the order of 10 7 GEC/bee in covert infections not associated with colony collapse, but with lower prevalences (only 3 colonies of 293 were infected with IAPV). Based on the recent description of the V. destructor mite as a transmitter of IAPV (Di Prisco et al, 2011), future studies should also determine IAPV loads in pupae and V. destructor to better understand the biology of the virus. In this study, only the effect of IAPV presence and load was considered on weakening colonies in Andalusia.…”
This study aimed to assess the possible relationship between the presence of Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) of honeybees and disease symptoms development at the colony level, to describe the IAPV load in field colonies and to illustrate phylogenetic relationships between IAPV isolates in Andalusia (Spain). Presence and load of IAPV was studied in 96 colonies from all provinces in Andalusia. Epidemiological surveys were performed in all the colonies to assess their sanitary status. IAPV was found in 13.5% of the sampled colonies, and no association was observed between the presence of IAPV and disease symptoms at the colony level. An average IAPV load was established in 4.9•105 genome equivalent copies per bee. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Andalusian isolates belong to a different lineage to a previously described isolate found in Valencia (2010). The results of this study will help us understand the epidemiology and effect of IAPV on Spanish colonies.
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