Various LED Wavelengths Affected Myofiber Development and Satellite Cell Proliferation of Chick Embryos via the IGF‐1 Signaling Pathway

Abstract

An effect of monochromatic light illumination on muscle mass has been discovered in chickens; however, its effect on the development of embryonic muscle remains unclear. Our previous studies demonstrated that monochromatic green light promoted satellite cell proliferation and muscle growth in posthatching broilers. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of monochromatic light exposure on muscle development in late embryogenesis. Seven hundred and fifty fertile broiler eggs were randomly assigned to blue (B-group), green (G-group), red (R-group), white (W-group) lights or darkness (D-group) throughout the incubation period. The muscle weight and fiber size were highest in the G-group compared to the other groups during embryonic days (E) 17 to E20. The proliferation of satellite cells isolated from the G-group was highest, and in vivo green light remarkably increased the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in skeletal muscle. Meanwhile, plasma IGF-1 was higher (15.5-16.2%) in the G-group than that in D- and R-groups, and the satellite cells isolated from the G-group had a more sensitive response to IGF-1. These findings demonstrate green monochromatic photobiomodulation promoted the muscle growth and satellite cell proliferation was related to the IGF-1 signaling pathway in late embryogenesis.

Melatonin mediates monochromatic green light-induced satellite cell proliferation and muscle growth in chick embryo

“…Furthermore, our study demonstrated that monochromatic green light promoted satellite cell proliferation and increased the number of satellite cells in control saline treatment. These findings are consistent with our previous results, that is stimulation with monochromatic green light during incubation enhanced the skeletal muscle growth and satellite cell proliferation in late-embryogenesis (E15-E20) [10] and early stage (P1-P21) [8] of chicks. In this study, we further investigated the effects of monochromatic green light stimulation on the expression of Pax7 and Myogenic regulatory factors ( MRFs ).…”

“…Light penetrate the skull and have direct effects on avian pineal gland or hypothalamus [2, 3], which regulate the endocrine activities to affect the physiological functions, including muscle growth [4], morphogenesis of interlimb stepping [5], satellite cell mitotic activity [6] and quality properties of meat [7]. Meanwhile, monochromatic green light influences the satellite cell proliferation activity, number, myofiber areas and muscle mass from the embryonic period in chick [8–10]. However, how monochromatic light affect the satellite cell proliferation is unclear.…”

“…These myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) determine the myogenic capacity of muscle progenitors in transcription and epigenetics [16]. Our preliminary research have shown that in ovo exposure to monochromatic lights affected late-embryonic [10] and posthatch [8] muscle growth and satellite cell proliferation by insulin like factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling. However, how light information affects the satellite cell proliferation during the chick embryo development is not fully understood.…”

Under the spotlight: mechanisms of photobiomodulation concentrating on blue and green light

“…It has also been shown that increased activity of TRP channels induces ROS generation (66) and thus the activation of the Ras pathway, a key pathway involved in the modulation of the activity of small GTPases, ultimately leading to the modulation of calcium signalling and apoptosis (67). Hence, these mechanisms may explain current findings which indicate that blue light induces significant increases in ROS production (19,(68)(69)(70)(71)(72). However, evidence also suggests this may be due to the effects of blue light on mitochondrial activity, inducing increases in ROS production as a result of the stimulation of the electron transport chain (73).…”

“…A second Scopus database search was undertaken to evaluate the effects of green light PBM using the terms described in Figure 3b. An initial search resulted in 236 articles being identified and these articles were subsequently screened for suitability, which then identified 32 relevant articles for further review (18,32,33,64,68,69,79,164,168,171,176,177,186,197,205,209,(212)(213)(214)(215)(216)(217)(218)(219)(220)(221)(222)(223)(224)(225)(226)(227).…”