Variations of the Intracranial Dural Venous Sinuses

Hydroacoustic Sonification and Flow Pattern Investigation of Venous Pulsatile Tinnitus Using MEMS Hydrophone Sensing and Dye Flow Visualization Techniques: Pilot 3D Printing, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and Psychoacoustic Study

“…The paired transverse-sigmoid sinuses are dural venous sinuses that serve as major conduits for venous drainage in the posterior cranial fossa. (1) The cross-sectional area of the tortuous dural venous sinus can vary markedly, sometimes hypoplastically, when the unilateral transverse-sigmoid sinus is underdeveloped. (1) Consequently, the bilateral sinus flow condition can vary significantly among the general population when juxtaposed.…”

“…(1) The cross-sectional area of the tortuous dural venous sinus can vary markedly, sometimes hypoplastically, when the unilateral transverse-sigmoid sinus is underdeveloped. (1) Consequently, the bilateral sinus flow condition can vary significantly among the general population when juxtaposed. The positive intracranial pressure gradient drives the venous blood to return to the heart, whereby the condition that the motion of the blood flow becomes audible is known as venous pulsatile tinnitus (PT).…”

Intraoperative Investigation of Vibration and Acoustic Characteristics of Venous Pulsatile Tinnitus Using Confocal Laser Displacement Sensor, Doppler Ultrasonography, and Piezoelectric Film Sensor: A Pilot Study

“…For instance, less than half of the soft and collapsible vascular surface attaches to the solid sigmoid plate, with the remainder resting against soft brain tissues. (20) Such unique anatomical settings render the realistic setup of boundary conditions excruciatingly challenging. It is further complicated by the fact that the dural venous sinus is wrapped around by the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater made of dense irregular connective tissue.…”

“…It is further complicated by the fact that the dural venous sinus is wrapped around by the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater made of dense irregular connective tissue. (20) Beyond that, the sigmoid sinus is tightly adhered to the sigmoid groove. Mild or occasionally strong pulsations can only be eyeballed when the epidural space is exposed, and, interestingly enough, PT persists upon precluding or allowing the displacement of the vascular wall.…”

Craniovascular traits and braincase morphology in craniosynostotic human skulls

“…In the posterior part of the endocranium, the confluence of sinuses is represented by the meeting point of the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, bilateral transverse sinuses and, in some cases, occipital sinus (e.g. Bayaroğulları et al, 2018;Bisaria, 1985;Browning, 1953;Curé et al, 1994;Fukusumi et al, 2010;Granger & Tubbs, 2020;Joseph et al, 2020;Singh et al, 2004). The occipital sinus sometimes splits into the marginal sinuses that run along both sides of the foramen magnum (Tubbs, 2020;Tubbs et al, 2006).…”