Craniovascular traits and braincase morphology in craniosynostotic human skulls

Eisová, Stanislava; Naňka, Ondřej; Velemínský, Petr; Bruner, Emiliano

doi:10.1111/joa.13506

Cited by 3 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Jeevan et al, 2008;Rich et al, 2003;Rollins et al, 2000;Taylor et al, 2001;Tokumaru et al, 1996). Signs of elevated intracranial pressure and vascular changes have also been observed in osteological CS samples (Eisová et al, 2021;O'Loughlin, 1996;Weber et al, 2008).…”

Section: Research Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Clinical studies provide evidence of the abnormal development of vascular systems in CS, such as stenosis, occlusion or absence of the dural venous sinuses, presence of collateral circulation via emissary veins, narrowing of jugular foramina, jugular vein obstruction, increased volume of CSF, and persistent occipito‐marginal sinuses (Blaser et al, 2015; Copeland et al, 2018; Florisson et al, 2015; Ghali et al, 2019; Hayward, 2005; Jeevan et al, 2008; Rich et al, 2003; Rollins et al, 2000; Taylor et al, 2001; Tokumaru et al, 1996). In fact, our last study showed that in CS the craniovascular traits related to the dural venous sinuses and the emissary veins display altered venous morphology (deeper imprints, presence of enlarged occipito‐marginal sinuses, enlarged emissary foramina, and sometimes atypically narrow jugular foramina) that is probably associated with increased intracranial pressure and venous hypertension (Eisová et al, 2021). The DV directly communicate with both emissary veins and dural venous sinuses, and thus any alteration of one network might influence the others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous research revealed an altered morphology of craniovascular features in CS skulls, specifically a higher diversity of features, often the presence of enlarged occipito-marginal sinuses, more numerous and often larger emissary foramina, and in dolichocephalic CS more developed posterior branches of the middle meningeal vessels (Eisová et al, 2021). It has been speculated that changes in craniovascular morphology could be related to the redistribution of growth forces (e.g., in the case of middle meningeal vessels), to higher intracranial pressure and venous hypertension (as in case of dural venous sinuses and emissary veins), or to thermal constraints.…”

Section: Research Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Several vascular anomalies, including altered venous drainage and collateral circulations, are often present in patients with CS and venous hypertension (Blaser et al, 2015; Florisson et al, 2015; Ghali et al, 2019; Hayward, 2005; Jeevan et al, 2008; Rich et al, 2003; Rollins et al, 2000; Taylor et al, 2001; Tokumaru et al, 1996). Signs of elevated intracranial pressure and vascular changes have also been observed in osteological CS samples (Eisová et al, 2021; O'Loughlin, 1996; Weber et al, 2008). Our previous research revealed an altered morphology of craniovascular features in CS skulls, specifically a higher diversity of features, often the presence of enlarged occipito‐marginal sinuses, more numerous and often larger emissary foramina, and in dolichocephalic CS more developed posterior branches of the middle meningeal vessels (Eisová et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The individual variability of craniovascular features is particularly high in adult humans, and is influenced by both epigenetic and genetic factors (Bruner & Sherkat, 2008; Eisová et al, 2019; Grimaud‐Hervé, 1997; Saban, 1996). The normal intra‐ and interpopulation differences of the craniovascular traits associated with the middle meningeal vessels, the dural venous sinuses and the emissary veins seem in general to be unrelated to cranial form (Eisová et al, 2019) and shape (Bruner et al, 2009), but the vascular morphology changes in more extensive cranial malformations, such as craniosynostosis (CS) or artificial cranial deformations (Burrows et al, 2001; Dean, 1995; Eisová et al, 2021; Mooney et al, 1998; O'Loughlin, 1996). However, we did not detect major differences in craniovascular features between modified and nonmodified skulls in our last study, except that the skulls with artificial cranial deformations presented somewhat smaller foramina (Eisová et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diploic vein morphology in normal and craniosynostotic adult human skulls

Eisová

Velemínský

Velemínská

et al. 2022

Journal of Morphology

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Diploic veins (DV) run within the cranial diploe, where they leave channels that can be studied in osteological samples. This study investigates overall DV variability in human adults and the effects of sex, age, cranial dimensions, and dysmorphogenesis associated with craniosynostosis (CS). The morphology of macroscopic diploic channels was analyzed in a set of the qualitative and quantitative variables in computed tomography-images of crania of anatomically normal and craniosynostotic adult individuals. Macroscopic diploic channels occur most frequently in the frontal and parietal bones, often with a bilaterally symmetrical pattern. DV-features (especially DV-pattern) are characterized by high individual diversity. On average, there are 5.4 ± 3.5 large macroscopic channels (with diameters >1 mm) per individual, with a mean diameter of 1.7 ± 0.4 mm. Age and sex have minor effects on DV, and cranial proportions significantly influence DV only in CS skulls. CS is associated with changes in the DV numbers, distributions, and diameters.Craniosynostotic skulls, especially brachycephalic skulls, generally present smaller DV diameters, and dolichocephalic skulls display increased number of frontal DV. CS, associated with altered cranial dimensions, suture imbalance, increased intracranial pressure, and with changes of the endocranial craniovascular system, significantly also affects the macroscopic morphology of DV in adults, in terms of both structural (topological redistribution) and functional factors. The research on craniovascular morphology and CS may be of interest in biological anthropology, paleopathology, medicine (e.g., surgical planning), but also in zoology and paleontology.

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Section: Research Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Diploic vein morphology in normal and craniosynostotic adult human skulls

Eisová

Velemínský

Velemínská

et al. 2022

Journal of Morphology

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Craniovascular variation in four late Holocene human samples from southern South America

Eisová

Menéndez

Velemínský

et al. 2022

The Anatomical Record

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Craniovascular traits in the endocranium (traces of middle meningeal vessels and dural venous sinuses, emissary foramina) provide evidence of vascular anatomy in osteological samples. We investigate the craniovascular variation in four South American samples and the effect of artificial cranial modifications (ACM). CT scans of human adult crania from four archeological samples from southern South America (including skulls with ACM) are used for the analyses. The craniovascular features in the four samples are described, skulls with and without ACM are compared, and additionally, South Americans are compared to a previously analyzed sample of Europeans. Of the four South American samples, the Southern Patagonian differs the most, showing the most distinct cranial dimensions, no ACM, and larger diameters of the emissary foramina. Unlike previous studies, we did not find any major differences in craniovascular features between modified and non‐modified skulls, except that the skulls with ACM present somewhat smaller foramina. South Americans significantly differed from Europeans, especially in the anteroposterior dominance of the middle meningeal artery, in the pattern of sinus confluence, in the occurrence of enlarged occipito‐marginal sinuses, and in foramina frequencies and diameters. Craniovascular morphology is not affected by the cranial size, even in skulls with ACM, indicating a minor or null influence of structural topological factors. Concerning the samples from distinct geographic and climatic environments, it must be evaluated whether the craniovascular morphogenesis might be partially influenced by specific functions possibly associated with thermoregulation, intracranial pressure, and the maintenance of intracranial homeostasis.

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Craniofacial pathologies in an early adolescent from the Funnel Beaker site of Modřice, Czechia

Williams

Tvrdý

Parma

2023

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Several craniofacial pathologies are present in an early adolescent from a cemetery (n = 22) associated with a Neolithic Funnel Beaker culture in Modřice, Czechia. The objective of the study was to document anomalies on the Modřice 3871 cranium, with an emphasis on investigating whether the mid-sagittal suture exhibited synostosis or bridging to account for the visible scaphocephaly. All available cranial and postcranial elements of the Modřice 3871 early adolescent were examined macroscopically. The cranial vault was subjected to radiography and compared to macroscopic views. Modřice 3871 is estimated to age to 12–14 years. Macroscopic examination and radiography support a diagnosis of mid-sagittal bridging rather than synostosis for this slender and anteroposteriorly elongated cranium. In comparison, the anterior sagittal, coronal and lambdoidal sutures are completely unfused. Craniofacial asymmetry, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis of the temporal and the presence of multiple wormian bones indicate additional maturational disruptions. The scaphocephaly observed in Modřice 3871 is not severe compared to modern clinical manifestations of craniosynostosis. Radiocarbon dated to 3,700–3,600 years BCE, Modřice 3871 presents one of the oldest recorded cases of scaphocephaly. The elongated vault is probably not the result of head-binding given the dearth of anthropogenic cranial reshaping in the Neolithic of Europe. This study adds to the growing recognition of prehistoric and historic craniofacial anomalies which will likely continue as additional human remains are excavated. In addition, the study increases the understanding of the lived experience of prehistoric individuals experiencing visible craniofacial pathologies such as cranial asymmetry and scaphocephaly.

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Craniovascular traits and braincase morphology in craniosynostotic human skulls

Cited by 3 publications

References 114 publications

Diploic vein morphology in normal and craniosynostotic adult human skulls

Diploic vein morphology in normal and craniosynostotic adult human skulls

Craniovascular variation in four late Holocene human samples from southern South America

Craniofacial pathologies in an early adolescent from the Funnel Beaker site of Modřice, Czechia

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