Variations in the crest kinematics of wave groups

Crest speeds of unsteady surface water waves

“…The study in Baldock et al (1996) shows that nonlinear wave-wave interactions produce a highly nonlinear wave group with crests higher and troughs shallower than expected from numerical simulations by Longuet-Higgins (1987) and experiments by Miller, Shemdin & Longuet-Higgins (1991). Sutherland, Greated & Easson (1995) previously obtained very similar characterizations, although they also concluded that the wave kinematics were Stokes-like. Song & Banner (2002), Banner & Peirson (2007) and Viotti, Carbone & Dias (2014) report complementary numerical and experimental studies demonstrating that intra-group and inter-wave energy transfers cannot be neglected when characterizing wave group kinematics and dynamics.…”

A comparison of numerical predictions and experimental measurements of the internal kinematics of a deep-water plunging wave

“…While the principles of the method are well established in general, each application requires particular implementations and practices (Greated, Skyner & Bruce). For the study of the kinematics of water waves, PIV has only recently been developed (Gray 1989), and is now at the stage where it can be used to yield reliable velocity measurements, as discussed by Quinn et al (1992), Skyner and Sutherland, Greated & Easson (1991).…”