Variations in the Chemical Composition of Human Enamel

Weatherell, J.A.; Robinson, C.; Hallsworth, A.S.

doi:10.1177/00220345740530020501

Cited by 110 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For instance, Ca, P, and F concentrations were shown to decrease, whereas Mg, carbonate, and chlorine concentrations were found to increase from the surface to the interior of the enamel. 27 In the present study, one standard point was selected on the buccal surface of each tooth, and all measurements were performed at the same point.…”

Section: Souza and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

Cakir¹,

Korkmaz²,

Fırat³

et al. 2011

Operative Dentistry

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Bleaching procedures with different concentrations of carbamide peroxide may influence the chemical composition of enamel and dentin. SUMMARYPurpose: To determine the change in the chemical composition of enamel and dentin as well as to evaluate the differences in surface texture of the same dental hard tissues following three at-home bleaching systems in vitro.Methods: Sixty extracted intact human anterior teeth were used in this study. Thirty teeth were used as samples for enamel, and the buccal surfaces of the remaining 30 teeth were abraded and used as dentin samples. Prior to bleaching treatments, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), fluoride (F), and oxygen (O) levels of each sample were measured using an energy dispersive spectrometer. The teeth were then randomly allocated into three groups according to the bleaching system used, as follows: GI, 10% carbamide peroxide (CP); GII, 20% CP; GIII, and 35% CP. Following the bleaching treatments, Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, F, and O measurements were repeated. The surface configurations were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by the Dunn test.

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Section: Souza and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

Cakir¹,

Korkmaz²,

Fırat³

et al. 2011

Operative Dentistry

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“…Continuous acid attack will lead to an increased loss of minerals and subsequent softening of enamel surface. The mineral content in enamel can differ depending on the tooth anatomy and age 7) . The fluoride, calcium and phosphorus contents and enamel density tend to decrease from the surface to the inner region [7][8][9] , while the carbonate and magnesium concentrations increase towards the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) 10) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mineral content in enamel can differ depending on the tooth anatomy and age 7) . The fluoride, calcium and phosphorus contents and enamel density tend to decrease from the surface to the inner region [7][8][9] , while the carbonate and magnesium concentrations increase towards the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) 10) . These differences in mineral gradient can be used to describe about how mineral dissolution from the surface to DEJ can vary 11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the susceptibility of cut and uncut enamel to erosive demineralization

et al. 2017

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This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of cut and uncut enamel surfaces to an erosive challenge and to examine the resultant characteristics/morphological changes. Ten extracted human incisors were used for preparation of enamel samples, and samples were immersed in citric acid. After 3 (total 3 min) and 6 cycles (total 6 min) of erosive challenges, surface loss (SL) and morphological changes were measured using scanning microscopy and FIB-TEM. Ca release (CA) and surface hardness (SH) were measured using a calcium-sensitive electrode and hardness tester respectively. Mean values of all measurements were statistically analyzed by using a t-test. Uncut enamel samples had significantly lower SL and greater SH than cut enamel (p<0.01). Cut enamel samples after 3 cycles showed higher CA compared with those from uncut enamel samples (p<0.05). Cut enamel was shown to be more susceptible to acidic dissolution and deeper acid penetration than uncut enamel after erosive demineralization.

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“…The chemistry varies in mineral, organic, and water content as one moves from the occlusal surface of the enamel to the DEJ. Many researchers have characterized the chemistry of human enamel as a function of position, 11,12,13,14,15,16 and in some cases the results have been correlated with spatial variations in the mechanical properties of enamel. 10,15,17,18,19 Habelitz et al 20 showed Young's moduli and hardness were lower in the inter-rod enamel than in the head of the enamel rod.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of prism orientation on the indentation testing of human molar enamel

Braly

Darnell

Mann

et al. 2007

Archives of Oral Biology

110

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Recent nanoindentation studies have demonstrated that the hardness and Young's modulus of human molar enamel decreases by more than 50% on moving from the occlusal surface to the dentin-enamel junction on cross-sectional samples. Possible sources of these variations are changes in local chemistry, microstructure, and prism orientation. This study investigates the latter source by performing nanoindentation tests at two different orientations relative to the hydroxyapatite prisms: parallel and perpendicular. A single sample volume was tested in order to maintain a constant chemistry and microstructure. The resulting data show very small differences between the two orientations for both hardness and Young's modulus. The 1.5 to 3.0% difference is significantly less than the standard deviations found within the data set. Thus, the variations in hardness and Young's modulus on cross-sectional samples of human molar are attributed to changes in local chemistry (varying levels of mineralization, organic matter, and water content) and changes in microstructure (varying volume fractions of inorganic crystals and organic matrix). The impact of prism orientation on mechanical properties measured by nanoindentation appears to be minimal.

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Variations in the Chemical Composition of Human Enamel

Cited by 110 publications

References 22 publications

Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

Chemical Analysis of Enamel and Dentin Following the Application of Three Different At-home Bleaching Systems

A comparative study of the susceptibility of cut and uncut enamel to erosive demineralization

The effect of prism orientation on the indentation testing of human molar enamel

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