Variations in cervico-vaginal microbiota among HPV-positive and HPV-negative asymptomatic women in Peru

Carrillo-Ng, Hugo; Becerra-Goicochea, Lorena; Tarazona-Castro, Yordi; Pinillos-Vilca, Luis; Valle, Luís J. del; Aguilar-Luis, Miguel Ángel; Tinco-Valdez, Carmen; Silva-Caso, Wilmer; Martins-Luna, Johanna; Peña-Tuesta, Isaac; Aquino-Ortega, Ronald; Valle-Mendoza, Juana del

doi:10.1186/s13104-020-05422-6

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This finding is supported by other studies showing lower resistance rate against the above antibiotics. 22 , 26 , 33 However, higher resistance rates were reported from Bangladesh 21 and Nigeria. 30 This might be a challenge for effectiveness of modern antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat human infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were also reported from Bangladesh 21 and Kenya. 19 , 22 The fact is that most Enterobacteriaceae, especially, E. coli , are predominantly found as normal flora gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans. 23 This study covered only one poultry farm from a focal area and thereby has generated the additional prevalence data for the bacteria in the poultry industry of this country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug- and Multidrug-Resistance Pattern of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Droppings of Healthy Chickens on a Poultry Farm in Southwest Ethiopia

Bushen¹,

Tekalign²,

Abayneh³

2021

IDR

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Background In Ethiopia, the precise attribution of animals and their food products as the sources of resistant strains and the consequences of it on human health have not yet been seriously evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the drug- and multidrug-resistance pattern of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from chicken droppings at Jimma University poultry farm, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, southwest of Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from April, 2018 to June, 2018. A total of 140 fresh chicken dropping samples were collected and transported to Jimma University Medical Microbiology Laboratory for analysis. All samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar and xylose lysine deoxycholate agar. Gram stain and relevant biochemical tests were done for identification of isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Results Out of 140 chicken dropping samples, 61 (43.6%) showed bacterial growth. Of these, E. coli accounts for 39.0% followed by K. pneumoniae (22.0%), P. mirabilis (19.3%), and Salmonella species (17.7%). With regard to antibiotic resistance pattern, E. coli demonstrated a high rate of resistance against ampicillin (91.7%), tetracycline (75.0%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70.8%). K. pneumoniae showed a high resistance rate against ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, with a resistance rate ranging from 76.9% to 85.6%. P. mirabilis and Salmonella spp. also showed high resistance against ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with a resistance rate ranging from 72.7% to 83.3%. All isolates relatively showed lower resistance rates with a range of 20.8% to 41.7% against third-generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime and ceftriaxone), ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. Totally, 32 (52.5%) of the isolates showed MDR against three or more antibiotics. Conclusion Antibiotic resistant isolates against commonly prescribed single and multiple drugs were common. This highlights that chickens in the farm may serve as the reservoirs of antibacterial resistant bacteria that might infect humans through the food chain. Therefore, emphasis on the usage of antibiotics in chicken farms has to be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug- and Multidrug-Resistance Pattern of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Droppings of Healthy Chickens on a Poultry Farm in Southwest Ethiopia

Bushen¹,

Tekalign²,

Abayneh³

2021

IDR

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“…Other covariates, including hormonal fluctuations, contraception use, temporal activity, and HPV subtypes, are also intimately correlated with perturbations in the vaginal microbiome ( 23 , 33 , 41 , 61 – 63 ). There was evidence of an association between HPV 16/18 infection and specifically increased genera, viz., Gardnerella , Prevotella , and Atopobium ( 62 ); however, insufficient evidence was presented in our analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbances of Vaginal Microbiome Composition in Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Carcinogenesis: A Qualitative Systematic Review

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundEmerging evidence has demonstrated a close association between perturbations in vaginal microbiota composition in women and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical lesions, and cervical cancer (Ca); however, these findings are highly heterogeneous and inconclusive.AimTo perform a comprehensive systematic review of the global disturbance in the vaginal microbiota, specifically in women with HPV-associated cervical diseases, and to further conduct within- and across-disease comparisons.MethodTwenty-two records were identified in a systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase up to February 28, 2022. We extracted microbial changes at the community (alpha and beta diversity) and taxonomic (relative abundance) levels. Within- and across-disease findings on the relative abundance of taxonomic assignments were qualitatively synthesized.ResultsGenerally, significantly higher alpha diversity was observed for HPV infection, cervical lesions, and/or cancer patients than in controls, and significant differences within beta diversity were observed for the overall microbial composition across samples. In within-disease comparisons, the genera Gardnerella, Megasphaera, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, and Streptococcus showed the greatest abundances with HPV infection; Sneathia and Atopobium showed inconsistent abundance with HPV infection, and Staphylococcus was observed in Ca. Across diseases, we find increased levels of Streptococcus and varying levels of Gardnerella were shared across HPV infections, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and Ca, whereas Lactobacillus iners varied depending on the HPV-related disease subtype.ConclusionsThis systematic review reports that vaginal microbiome disturbances are correlated to the depletion of Lactobacillus, enrichment of anaerobes, and increased abundance of aerobic bacteria in HPV infection and related cervical diseases. Moreover, L. iners may exert either protective or pathogenic effects on different HPV-related diseases.

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“…Vaginitis caused by E. faecalis in HPV-16 positive women, if left untreated, can persist for a very long time and thus provide conditions for persistent HPV infection, which are the prerequisites for the development of precancerous cervical neoplasia [12]. Recently, its frequent presence in cervical cancer, oral cancer and colon cancer has been increasingly reported [13,52,53].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of cervical-vaginal flora variations in Human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive women conducted in Peru in 2017 found a higher incidence of E. faecalis in high-risk HPV-positive women compared to low-risk HPV-positive women [13]. The presence of the HPV-16 gene and genome in E. faecalis in cervical cancer biopsy material, as well as the ability for HPV-16 genes to be translated and transcribed in these bacteria, and that the HPV gene can form viral particles in these bacteria leads to certain links that may be a risk factor in the progression of cervical lesions to cancer [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Vaginitis: is Enterococcus faecalis Another Risk Factor in the Progression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Cervical Cancer—Literature Review

Jahic¹,

Cerovac²

2022

Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol.

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Objective: The aim of our review article is to show Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) as a risk factor of cervical cancer. Mechanism: Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is the absence of a balance of vaginal flora containing aerobic and intestinal pathogens, varying degrees of vaginal inflammation and immature epithelial cells. The causes of AV responsible for inflammatory changes are: E. faecalis, Esherichia coli, group B streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. The pathogenic effect of aerobic microorganisms such as E. faecalis shows that it causes spontaneous abortion, premature birth, puerperal sepsis, abscesses, and urinary tract infections. Findings in Brief: AV caused by E. faecalis is more common in low-grade and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) than in women with a normal Pap test and is thought to contribute to the progression of cervical cancer. E. faecalis produces hydrogen superoxide which causes chromosomal instability in intestinal epithelial cell infection, which is considered a key factor in the carcinogenic process. The presence of the Human papilloma virus (HPV) 16 gene and genome in E. faecalis in cervical cancer biopsy material leads to a specific link that may be a risk factor in the progression of CIN toward cancer. The presence of HPV in this bacteria can lead to persistent HPV infection, CIN development and progression to cervical cancer. Conclusions: Increased vaginal pH, lactobacilli deficiency, and the ability of E. faecalis to contain HPV-16 in episomal form in E. faecalis-induced AV could be key promoters of persistence and proliferation of cervical HPV as a risk factor in development of CIN and cervical cancer.

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Variations in cervico-vaginal microbiota among HPV-positive and HPV-negative asymptomatic women in Peru

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Drug- and Multidrug-Resistance Pattern of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Droppings of Healthy Chickens on a Poultry Farm in Southwest Ethiopia

Drug- and Multidrug-Resistance Pattern of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Droppings of Healthy Chickens on a Poultry Farm in Southwest Ethiopia

Disturbances of Vaginal Microbiome Composition in Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Carcinogenesis: A Qualitative Systematic Review

Aerobic Vaginitis: is Enterococcus faecalis Another Risk Factor in the Progression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Cervical Cancer—Literature Review

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