Variations and genetic relationships of the garter-snakes, by Alexander G. Ruthven.

Ecology, Maturation and Reproduction of Thamnophis Sauritus Proximus

“…Burt ( 1928) found an average of six young in five females of Thamnophis sauritus sauritus in Michigan, and Carpenter (1952a) reported a mean of 10 young per female in the same race, also in Michigan. Ruthven ( 1908) stated that the young average "about a dozen" per female. Of these estimates of reproductive potential based on counts of embryos, that of Carpenter probably more closely approached the actual mean because it was based upon an examination of a larger number of specimens than the other authors had available.…”

“…Burt ( 1928) found size at sexual maturity of Thamnophis s. sauritus in Michigan to be 600 mm (total length). Allowing 29 to 36 percent (figures from Ruthven, 1908) of this mean for the length of the tail, a range of 384 to 426 mm was obtained by subtraction. This is the range of mean body length at sexual maturity in female representatives of the northern race of Thamnophis sauri.tus, and is less than the mean of size at sexual maturity of female ribbon snakes in the Sarpy Refuge.…”

The turtles of Illinois;

“…(Gray) (Western painted turtle; red-legged turtle; mud turtle; pond turtle) Emys bellii Gray 1831 Emys oregoniensis Harlan 1837 Chrysemys oregoniensis Holbrook 1842 Chrysemys bellii Gray 18SS Chrysemys nattalii Agassiz 1857 Clemmys oregoniensis Strauch 1862 Chrysemys picta (part) Gray 1863 Clemmys picta (var. b and c) Strauch Chrysemys pulchra (part) Gray 1873 Chrysemys bellii True 1883 Chrysemys cincrea bellii Boulenger 1889 Chrysemys marginata bellii Stejneger & Barbour 1917 Chrysemys bellii bellii Ruthven 1924 Chrysemys picta bellii Bishop and Schmidt 1931 ISO?…”