Variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM2.5 during winter haze period around 2014 Chinese Spring Festival at Nanjing: Insights of source changes, air mass direction and firework particle injection

Kong, Shaofei; Li, Xuxu; Li, Li; Yin, Yan; Chen, Kui; Yuan, Liang; Zhang, Yingjie; Shan, Yunpeng; Ji, Yaqin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.001

Cited by 157 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The correlation of 9,10-AQ with NO 2 and the higher ratio of 9,10-AQ to parent in the warm-dry season compared to that in the rainy season in CEN support a possible formation by the attack of nitrate radical on Ant. The photochemical transformation of Phe in the air parcel was more strongly supported: it was found that the highest percentage of photochemically formed 9,10-PQ corresponded with those days with the largest number of hourly back trajectories (24) arriving in AGU and TLA. Indeed, photochemical reactions had a highlighted role on the formation of quinones from Phe and Ant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…On the contrary, in the warm-dry season, the photochemical contribution to 9,10-PQ was only found for four days: the formation percentages of 9,10-PQ ranged from 18% to 97% (Table S7). Those days with the highest estimated 9,10-PQ photochemical production 97% (27 April) and 92% (3 April) were also those with the largest number of hourly back-trajectories (24), arriving in TLA from the West-Northwest, the location of the CEN site and downtown MAG (red trajectory in Figure 4B). Therefore, the percentage of formation of 9,10-PQ in MAG was highly favored during the longest periods without flow solar interruption, as those occurred in the warm-dry season and when the transport of 9,10-PQ's precursor arrived in AGU and TLA from the CEN area.…”

Section: Photochemical Formation Of Quinonesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Unlike CEN site, for PC2 in TLA, this component was significantly loaded with 1,4-NQ and LMW PAHs. Since, LMW-PAHs are formed mainly by incomplete combustion in stationary sources, PC2 might be attributed to biomass burning and coal combustion, as well as emissions through industrial processes [24,25,43]. On the other hand, PC3 had the highest correlation with 1,4-NQ and 9,10-PQ, which had been mainly related with photochemical formation on the atmosphere.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest atmospheric concentrations of both quinones and PAHs in Tlaquepaque are likely to have received an important contribution from fossil fuel combustion since that site is located close to streets with high vehicular traffic including heavy-duty vehicles. In fact, it has been suggested that BkF is a combustion derived PAH [24], while PAHs such as Flt, Pyr, and Chry are from diesel emissions, and IcdP and BghiP are frequently associated with emissions from gasoline vehicles [25].…”

Section: Spatial and Seasonal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

et al. 2017

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This study aims to establish the influence of primary emission sources and atmospheric transformation process contributing to the concentrations of quinones associated to particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in three sites within the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara (MAG), namely Centro (CEN), Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Águilas (AGU). Environmental levels of quinones extracted from PM 2.5 filters were analyzed using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, primary emissions in combination with photochemical and oxidation reactions contribute to the presence of quinones in the urban atmosphere of MAG. It was found that quinones in PM 2.5 result from the contributions from direct emission sources by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline that relate mainly to vehicular activity intensity in the three sampling sites selected. However, this also suggests that the occurrence of quinones in MAG can be related to photochemical transformation of the parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), to chemical reactions with oxygenated species, or a combination of both routes. The higher concentration of 1,4-Chrysenequinone during the rainy season compared to the warm-dry season indicates chemical oxidation of chrysene, since the humidity could favor singlet oxygen collision with parent PAH present in the particle phase. On the contrary, 9,10-Anthraquinone/Anthracene and 1,4-Naftoquinone/Naphthalene ratios were higher during the warm-dry season compared to the rainy season, which might indicate a prevalence of the photochemical formation during the warm-dry season favored by the large solar radiation typical of the season. In addition, the estimated percentage of photochemical formation of 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone showed that the occurrence of this compound in Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Águilas (AGU) sites is mainly propagated by conditions of high solar radiation such as in the warm-dry season and during long periods of advection of air masses from emission to the reception areas. This was shown by the direct association between the number hourly back trajectories arriving in the TLA and AGU from Centro and other areas in MAG and the highest photochemical formation percentage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Photochemical Formation Of Quinonesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial and Seasonal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

et al. 2017

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“…In economically developed regions, such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta region in China, regional air pollution is serious and occurs frequently Liu et al, 2014;Kong et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015a, b). Regional transport of pollutant plays an import role in regional air pollution, and is influenced by the atmospheric circulation, regional meteorology, terrain and distribution of emission sources .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Particulate Matter Regional Transport in Beijing Based on Numerical Simulation

Mao

Gong

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The frequent occurrence of regional air pollution makes it challenging to control. Based on source sensitivity research performed with the Chinese Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment (CUACE) model and dispersion simulation performed with the Flexible Particle dispersion model (FLEXPART), the regional transport of particulate matter (PM), potential source regions, and transport pathways were investigated for Beijing in summer (July) and winter (December) 2013. The mean near-surface trans-boundary contribution ratio (TBCR) of PM 2.5 in Beijing was 53.4% and 36.1% in summer and winter 2013, respectively, and 51.8% and 35.1% for PM 10 . Regional transport in summer was more significant than that in winter. Seasonal difference of meteorological condition combined with the distribution of emission is responsible for seasonal difference of TBCR. The secondary aerosol is mostly contributed by regional transport. The transport of PM is mostly from Hebei province and Tianjin municipality. Based on backward trajectories analysis, the air mass source occurred from different directions in summer, while occurred from northwest in winter. The pollution level and the TBCR were closely related to the transport pathways and distance, especially in summer.

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Phytoremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Urban Atmospheric Deposition Using Bio-retention Systems

Weerasundara

Vithanage

2016

Phytoremediation

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Variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM2.5 during winter haze period around 2014 Chinese Spring Festival at Nanjing: Insights of source changes, air mass direction and firework particle injection

Cited by 157 publications

References 50 publications

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico

Investigation of Particulate Matter Regional Transport in Beijing Based on Numerical Simulation

Phytoremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Urban Atmospheric Deposition Using Bio-retention Systems

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