Variation in the Sensitivities of Hairy Beggarticks (Bidens pilosa) Plants and Their Progenies to Glufosinate Ammonium

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of hairy beggarticks plants to different doses of glufosinate ammonium and the range in sensitivities of the plants and their progenies to the herbicide. Three studies were conducted, all in a greenhouse and repeated at different times. In the first study, two experiments were conducted to examine the dose–response curve, and the treatments were seven different doses of the herbicide glufosinate ammonium (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 g ai ha−1), with four replications each. In the second study, which examined the range in sensitivity of hairy beggarticks to glufosinate ammonium, 44 plants were sprayed with a dose of 200 g ai ha−1of the herbicide. Finally, in the third study, the range in sensitivity of the progeny of hairy beggarticks to glufosinate ammonium was investigated; in this experiment, the progenies of seven of the previous plants were sprayed with 200 g ai ha−1of herbicide. The ammonium contents in the tissues were measured and percent injury wase visually assessed. Ammoniun content in hairy beggarticks leaves was increased more than seven times by glufosinate application and the maximum ammonium content was observed for the highest dose of the herbicide. Variability existed in the ammonium content among the individuals of the population of hairy beggarticks; however, the behavior was not replicated in the same way in the progenies. The survival of the plants after application of the herbicide allows the production of progenies with wide variability in their sensitivity to the product, independent of the behavior for the progenitor plants.

Glufosinate Resistance Level is Proportional to Phosphinothricin Acetyltransferase Gene Expression in Glufosinate-Resistant Maize

“…Glufosinate-sensitive plants, when sprayed with this herbicide, show an increase in ammonia levels, as does maize glufosinate-sensitive hybrid, due to the permanent binding of glufosinate to GS. ,, The accumulation of ammonia resulting from glufosinate application was observed in species glufosinate-sensitive, such as Ipomoea grandifolia , Commelina benghalensis , Bidens pilosa , Chenopodium album , Solanum nigrum , Tripleurospermum inodorum and Echinochloa crus-galli , Abutilon theophrasti , Amaranthus palmeri and in crops such maize, rice, eucalyptus and wheat …”

“…25 Glufosinate-sensitive plants, when sprayed with this herbicide, show an increase in ammonia levels, as does maize glufosinate-sensitive hybrid, due to the permanent binding of glufosinate to GS. 4,7,26 The accumulation of ammonia resulting from glufosinate application was observed in species glufosinate-sensitive, such as Ipomoea grandifolia, 27 Commelina benghalensis, 28 Bidens pilosa, 29 Chenopodium album, Solanum nigrum, Tripleurospermum inodorum and Echinochloa crusgalli, 30 Abutilon theophrasti, 26 Amaranthus palmeri 7 and in crops such maize, 31 rice, 32 eucalyptus 33 and wheat. 8 The decrease in ammonia content from 2 DAA to 4 DAA in maize glufosinate-resistant hybrids is due to the rapid action of the PAT enzyme on the conversion of glufosinate to NAG, which does not bind to GS and is not toxic to the plant.…”

Hormetic effects of glyphosate on plants

“…The herbicide rates required to control different plants of the same population can vary significantly, depending on the stage, size, and genetic characteristics of each plant . According to Vila‐Aiub and Ghersa, the non‐uniformity of the phenological stages and sizes of the plants in the sprayed areas can lead to variation in the amounts of active ingredient that reaches each unit of weight or leaf area of the target plants.…”

Early Pruning of Eucalyptus Plants Using Glufosinate Ammonium

“…The maximum accumulation of ammonia found in the leaves was 1.7 mg . kg -1 of fresh mass, normal for these plants (Brito et al, 2017a,b;Brito et al, 2016;Tsai et al, 2006). The accumulation of ammonia can be used as biochemical marker for glutamine synthetase inhibition (Pornprom et al, 2003) and indicator of the herbicide action (Petersen and Hurle, 2001); this denotes that protected parts of eucalyptus plants are not affected by the herbicide.…”