Variation in the resistance of barley cultivars and in the pathogenicity of Drechslera teres f. sp. maculata and D. teres f. sp. teres isolates from France

Arabi, M. I. E.; Barrault, G.; Sarrafi, A.; Albertini, L.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1992.tb02336.x

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…There were, however, a few lines with good overall resistance but there was no stated link between resistance and secondary metabolites in this example. Similarly, in a study of the pathogenicity of spot and net blotch (Drechslera teres f. maculata and D. teres f. teres respectively) in barley, Arabi et al (37) found two Middle Eastern lines with good overall resistance but did not link this resistance with secondary metabolites. Warham (38), however, in a study of resistance to Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) in wheat, triticale, rye and barley, found that barley was immune to the disease and suggested that it, barley, may possess physiological resistance.…”

Section: Vasinifectummentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathy and Self-Defense in Barley

Lovett

Hoult

1994

ACS Symposium Series

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Evidence for allelopathic activity in barley and the major temperate cereal crops is reviewed. We believe that the secondary metabolites, gramine and hordenine, produced by barley (Hordeum spp.) play a role in defending the producing plant against interference from other organisms.Our recent work has shown inhibitory effects on a fungus (Drechslera teres) and on armyworm (Mythimna convecta) larvae as well as on a number of plant species. This work and that of others showing activity against bacteria, aphids and mammals suggests a possible physiological resistance to these organisms which may be exploitable through plant breeding. A survey of 43 lines of barley including ancestral and modern types indicates that hordenine production by modern cultivars may already have been inadvertently favored by selection for agronomic traits while the ability to produce gramine may have been reduced or lost during this process.Increasingly, the recognition of the defensive-come-communicational role of allelochemicals has led to investigation about their potential in natural resistance to pests and, hence, in crop protection, with special reference to biological control (see, for example, 7-5). Activity of allelochemicals against insects and other organisms has long been identified with such widely distributed families of secondary metabolites as the alkaloids, terpenes, phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides (6). Notwithstanding the plethora of naturally-occurring compounds which is available, relatively few have been deployed in the cause of crop protection. Thus, in respect of activity against insects, Jacobson (7) noted that, from early Roman times to the middle of the present century only pyrethrum, rotenone, nicotine, sabadilla and quassin were widely used as insect repellents and toxicants, at least, in the Western Hemisphere. He concluded 0097-6156/95/0582-0170$08.00/0

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Section: Vasinifectummentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathy and Self-Defense in Barley

Lovett

Hoult

1994

ACS Symposium Series

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“…Pyrenophora t. f. maculata is morphologically indistinguishable from P. t. f. teres and has been reported in many areas of the world (Mathre 1997). Yield losses due to this pathogen have been estimated at 10-20% (Arabi et al 1992;Karki and Sharp 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation for virulence and RFLP markers inPyrenophora teres

Steffenson

Zhong

et al. 2003

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Pyrenophora teres f. teres (causing net blotch) and Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (causing "spot form" of the disease) are important foliar pathogens of barley. In breeding for resistance to disease, it is important to have a thorough knowledge of the degree of genetic variation in the pathogen. This study was undertaken to assess genetic variation in a small, but geographically diverse collection of P. teres isolates. Isolates derived from single conidia were evaluated for their virulence phenotypes on 25 differential barley genotypes. Fifteen pathotypes were identified from a collection of 23 P. t. f. teres isolates, and 4 pathotypes, from a collection of 8 P. t. f. maculata isolates. In general, the P. t. f. teres isolates exhibited a broader spectrum and a higher level of virulence on the host differentials than the P. t. f. maculata isolates. Eight barley genotypes were resistant to all 19 pathotypes identified and should be useful in breeding barley for resistance to both forms of P. teres. Genetic variation was also examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. A 0.46-kb DNA fragment (ND218) generated by the polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNA of a California isolate of P. t. f. teres was used as a probe. Every P. teres isolate tested with ND218 exhibited a unique RFLP pattern. Cluster analysis, based on both the virulence phenotypes and RFLP patterns, indicates that P. teres possesses a high degree of diversity at the species and subspecies levels. The high degree of polymorphism revealed by ND218 will make this probe a useful tool for the DNA fingerprinting of P. teres isolates.Key words: net blotch of barley, Pyrenophora teres, Hordeum vulgare, pathogen genetic diversity. 90 Résumé :Le Pyrenophora teres f. teres (responsable de la rayure réticulée) et le Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (responsable de la forme « tachetée » de la maladie) sont d'importants agents pathogènes des feuilles de l'orge. Lors de la sélection pour la résistance à la maladie, il est important d'avoir une connaissance approfondie du niveau de variation génétique de l'agent pathogène. Cette étude a été entreprise afin d'évaluer la variation génétique dans une petite, mais géographiquement variée, collection d'isolats de P. teres. Les phénotypes de virulence ont été déterminés pour des isolats issus de conidies uniques à l'aide de 25 génotypes différentiels d'orge. Quinze pathotypes ont été identifiés dans une collection de 23 isolats de P. t. f. teres, et 4 pathotypes, dans une collection de 8 isolats de P. t. f. maculata. En général, les isolats de P. t. f. teres avaient une gamme plus large et un niveau de virulence plus élevé sur les hôtes différentiels que les isolats de P. t. f. maculata. Huit génotypes d'orge étaient résistants aux 19 pathotypes identifiés et devraient être utiles en amélioration génétique de l'orge pour la résistance aux deux formes de P. teres. La variation génétique a aussi été étudiée par l'analyse du polymorphisme de la longueur des fragments de restriction (PLFR). Un fragmen...

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“…Resistance of the same barley cultivar to both fungal forms varies, depending on the applied isolate (Tekauz and Mills 1974;Khan 1982;Tekauz 1990;Arabi et al 1992;Graner et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Temperature and Daylight Length on Barley Infection by Pyrenophora Teres

Kosiada¹

2008

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres is the most important disease of barley in many regions in which this cereal is cultivated. In the performed work the influence of solarization period and temperature on infection of barley by P. teres was estimated. Three isolates of each P. teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata were used. The response of six barley genotypes to the pathogen was estimated.Barley infection was differentiated and depended on solarization period, and the isolate of P. teres.Number of infected plants increased with the increase of temperature. Interaction occurred among length of solarization period and temperature. The highest barley infection by P. teres f. teres was observed at 10 hours of solarization and temperature 25°C.

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Variation in the resistance of barley cultivars and in the pathogenicity of Drechslera teres f. sp. maculata and D. teres f. sp. teres isolates from France

Cited by 49 publications

References 11 publications

Allelopathy and Self-Defense in Barley

Allelopathy and Self-Defense in Barley

Genetic variation for virulence and RFLP markers inPyrenophora teres

Influence of Temperature and Daylight Length on Barley Infection by Pyrenophora Teres

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