Variation in the Biological Availability of Xanthophyll Within and Among Generic Sources

Middendorf, Dana; Childs, G. R.; Cravens, W. W.

doi:10.3382/ps.0591460

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…When laying hens were fed on a sorghum-soybean diet, carotenoids were not detected in their blood serum; however, inclusion of lutein at the level of 200 mg/kg in such a diet was associated with lutein concentration in serum of 18.25 mg/mL (Haq et al 1995). When the level of xanthophylls (as marigold meal) intubated to 46-d-old broilers was increased from 4.0 to 16.0 mg/kg body weight, serum xanthophyll concentration increased from 2.17 up to 3.13 and from 1.86 to 3.31, mg/mL after 18 and 28 h, respectively (Middendorf et al 1980). When the level of lutein diester supplementation in a chicken diet was increased from 5 up to 80 mg/kg, lutein concentration in serum increased only from 1.4 up to 9.5 (g/mL; Tyczkowski and Hamilton 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Carotenoids in Eggs and Plasma of Red‐Legged Partridges: Effects of Diet and Reproductive Output

Bortolotti

Negro²,

Surai

et al. 2003

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Carotenoids are important dietary constituents in birds. They serve as pigments and play numerous physiological roles in both the laying hen and developing embryo. However, factors determining the absorption of carotenoids and their allocation to different functions are numerous and complex, and causal relationships are generally poorly known. Our objective was to determine the degree to which carotenoid levels in egg yolks and the plasma of hens were influenced by differences in diet and reproductive output in captive red-legged partridges. Carotenoid concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography in two feeds (high and low carotenoid content) and in yolks and plasma of hens near the start and end of laying. Early in the laying season, plasma and yolk carotenoids varied with diet and were correlated with one another. Late in the season, a dietary effect was evident only for yolks, and there was no relationship between plasma and egg levels of individual hens. However, plasma carotenoids at the end of laying were strongly correlated with the number of eggs that had been laid. Dietary availability, although important, could explain some variation in carotenoid levels in plasma and egg yolks only in the context of reproductive history.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Carotenoids in Eggs and Plasma of Red‐Legged Partridges: Effects of Diet and Reproductive Output

Bortolotti

Negro²,

Surai

et al. 2003

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…Even this small quantity of pigment represents a considerable cost for egg producers (Williams, 1992). Several researches have been carried out to seek improvements of pigmentation efficiency (Middendorf et al, 1980;Marusich & Baurenfeind, 1981). The synthetic pigment canthaxanthin (CTX) is found 1.5-5 times as potent as natural xanthophylls for the pigmentation of egg yolk (Akiba et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Canthaxanthin on Egg Production, Egg Quality, and Egg Yolk Color in Laying Hens

Cho¹,

Zhang²,

Kim³

2012

JAS

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The effects of canthaxanthin (CTX) on egg production, (average daily feed intake) ADFI, egg quality, and yolk color compared with natural xanthophylls in feedstuffs in laying hens were studied in a 5-wk trial. A total of 280 36-wk-old ISA Brown layers were divided into the following 7 treatments: T1, negative control (30% corn+20% wheat); T2, diet with 50% corn; T3, diet with 5% DDGS; T4, diet with 10% DDGS; T5, T1+0.011% CTX; T6, T1+0.021% CTX; T7, commercial diet with 40% corn. Although ADFI, and egg quality were not affected by dietary treatments, the egg production was higher (P<0.05) in diet supplemented with 0.021% colorant than diet with 50% corn, and diet supplemented 0.011% colorant. Yolk color in layers fed the diet contained 10% DDGS was higher (P<0.05) than the layers fed the T1 diet, and the diet with 5% DDGS. Yolk color score was linearly improved (P<0.05) when the diet supplemented with 0.011%, and 0.021% CTX. Higher yolk color score was also observed (P<0.05) when layers fed commercial diet compared with control diet, and the diet with higher natural xanthophylls. In conclusion, egg production and yolk color were improved when layers fed diet supplemented with colorant.

S style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:??;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:PL;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>slightly degraded chernozem, formed from loess. The examined inoculants were applied during sowing. The presented results of the studies on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation by leguminous plants indicate that the productivity of pea was positively affected by the application of IUNG (noncommercial) inoculant. On the other hand, it is not recommended to use Nitragine^TM separately, as it inhibits the growth of pea. Plants of the ‘Klif’ variety used the symbiotically fixed nitrogen more effectively and demonstrated higher yield component and better phenotypic parameters.

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“…Component xanthophylls also are subject to both oxidative and enzymatic degradation and amounts present in dehydrated forage depend on how the cut forage is processed. Middendorff et al (1980) reported appreciable differences in the amount and biological availability of xanthophyll among dehydrated alfalfa meals. Middendorff (1980) also presented data that indicated that sun curing decreased the biological activity of xanthophyll in Coastal bermudagrass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Utilization of Xanthophyll in Fresh-Cut and Field-Wilted, Dehydrated Alfalfa and Coastal Bermudagrass for Pigmenting Egg Yolks

Burdick

Fletcher

1984

Poultry Science

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Practical layer diets were formulated to contain 18.1 mg/kg total xanthophyll with 9.2 mg/kg of xanthophyll supplied by alfalfa (ALF) or Coastal bermudagrass (CBG) that was fresh-cut, field-wilted for 6 hr (daytime) or 16 hr (overnight), and then dehydrated. The diets were fed for 21 days after which eggs were collected for color and pigment analysis. Fresh-cut Coastal bermudagrass contained 84% more carotene and 36% more xanthophyll than the fresh-cut alfalfa. No consistent differences were found in xanthophyll utilization values (egg yolk xanthophyll to feed xanthophyll ratios), or CIE and L*a*b* values for yolks from hens fed diets containing the different forage products. Although alfalfa resulted in egg yolks that were slightly more red (Roche values of 10.3 vs. 9.6; a* values of 8.4 vs. 7.6) and exhibited a slightly higher dominant wavelength (580.6 vs. 580.3), these differences were thought to be due to the slightly higher xanthophyll content found in the analyzed alfalfa diets. Although total xandiophyll content may differ between these forages, or as a result of processing, when ALF or CBG products are fed to supply about equal levels of total xanthophyll, similar yolk color can be expected. (

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Variation in the Biological Availability of Xanthophyll Within and Among Generic Sources

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Carotenoids in Eggs and Plasma of Red‐Legged Partridges: Effects of Diet and Reproductive Output

Carotenoids in Eggs and Plasma of Red‐Legged Partridges: Effects of Diet and Reproductive Output

Effects of Canthaxanthin on Egg Production, Egg Quality, and Egg Yolk Color in Laying Hens

Utilization of Xanthophyll in Fresh-Cut and Field-Wilted, Dehydrated Alfalfa and Coastal Bermudagrass for Pigmenting Egg Yolks

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