Variation in Smoking Tendency Among Hydrocarbons of Low Molecular Weight

Sooting characteristics of surrogates for jet fuels

“…The previous sooting tendency data from Refs. [8,9,13,15,16,18,19,21], were selected because these sources studied at least two of the same compounds used in the present study, which is required to compare TSI values from separate studies. As shown in Table 2, these sources used different parameters in determining the TSI value, including flame height, fuel mass flowrate at the smoke point, as well as maximum volume fraction in the work reported by McEnally and Pfefferle [18,19].…”

“…Minchin [13] SP MW/SP Clarke et al [8] SP MW/SP Hunt [15] SP MW/SP Schalla & McDonald [16] _ m MW/m Olson et al [9] _ m MW/m Gill & Olson [21] SP MW/SP McEnally & Pfefferle [18] f v,max f v,max McEnally & Pfefferle [19] f v,max f v,max [9,16,18,19,21], along with data measured in this study were included in the average values. Table 3 lists the measured TSI values from this study, the rescaled TSI values, the experimental constants, and the average TSI values.…”

“…Instead of the flame height, Schalla and McDonald [16] measured the fuel burning rate at the smoke point in a wick-fed lamp for 38 hydrocarbons. To calculate the burning rate, the difference in the weight of the lamp was measured after burning at the smoke point for a given interval of time.…”

“…The units of a were (mm à (g/mol) À1 ), and b was unitless. Because Schalla and McDonald [16] instead reported the mass flowrate ( _ m) at the smoke point, Calcote and Manos used an alternate definition of TSI for that data:…”

“…This regression produced values for the constants, a and b, and provided a linear correlation coefficient, which indicated how well their TSI values correlated to the values Calcote and Manos reported. To summarize the data, Olson et al provided a list of ''suggested values" for TSI, which were the averages of the TSI values from all the previous studies and their study [8,9,[13][14][15][16].…”