Variation in Seed Harvest Potential of Carapa guianensis Aublet in the Brazilian Amazon: A Multi-Year, Multi-Region Study of Determinants of Mast Seeding and Seed Quantity

Abstract

This work augments research on masting for the economically important tropical tree Carapa guianensis Aublet, specifically on whether determinants of mast years vary regionally, spatially, and due to longer term ENSO climate patterns. Longer term measurements (an 11-year period in Acre and Roraima; 4 years and 8 months in Amapá) from three regions of the Brazilian Amazon allowed for the analysis of whether climate cues were regionally consistent for this species. We used generalized linear mixed models, to determine which factors were significant in predicting whether trees would produce in a given year and to model the seed production quantity. We found a positive effect of increasing the diameter at breast height (dbh) on the quantity and likelihood of seed production. Our results also suggested that ecosystems and climate cues may jointly affect seed production. In flooded forests, increases in dry season rainfall had a negative impact on the likelihood of seed production whilst none of the precipitation variables investigated influenced the quantity of seeds produced. In drier terra firme forests in Acre with extended dry seasons, increases in dry season precipitation had significant and positive impacts on both the likelihood and the quantity of seed production. Our results illustrate the importance of considering plant habitat and climate to better understand individual and regional differences in seed production and their responses to inter-annual climate variation.

The chromatographic constitution of andiroba oil and his healing effects, compared to the LLLT outcomes, in oral mucositis induced in golden Syrian hamsters: a new treatment option

“…In addition, its use is related to the fatty acids' antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Oleic, linolenic and linoleic acids are known in literature to be initiators of anti-inflammatory mediators [32]. Studies have evaluated the topical application of linoleic acid in pressure ulcers in bedridden patients [72] and, experimentally, in mice with application of oleic or linoleic acid for 16 days [73].…”

“…Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl) is a plant that belongs to the Meliaceae family [30], and it will be found in Amazon region [31][32][33][34], southern Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru, Paraguay and the Caribbean Islands [35,36]. In Brazil, it's found in North (states of Acre, Amazonas, Amapá, Pará) region [37] and Northeast (Maranhão state) regions [38].…”

Size and crown shape predict reproductive maturity of Carapa guianensis in upland and floodplain forests in the northeastern Amazon

“…Flowering begins in the dry months (da Luz Freitas et al, 2013), and fruit drop occurs in the rainy season. Seed dispersal depends on the habitat type, occurring via water (hydrochloric) (Klimas et al, 2021) in floodplain areas and via rodents (zoochory) in uplands (Cloutier et al, 2007; McHargue & Hartshorn, 1983).…”

“…There are studies that show that fruit production also increased with size for C. guianensis (Klimas et al, 2012(Klimas et al, , 2021Londres et al, 2017) and B. exelsa (Jansen et al, 2021). However, they show that there is a production peak (80 cm DBH) from which production decreases.…”

“…Seed dispersal depends on the habitat type, occurring via water (hydrochloric) (Klimas et al, 2021) in floodplain areas and via rodents (zoochory) in uplands (Cloutier et al, 2007;McHargue & Hartshorn, 1983).…”