Variation in longevity and traits of leaves among co-occurring understorey plants in a tropical montane forest

Shiodera, Satomi; Rahajoe, Joeni Setijo; Kohyama, Takashi

doi:10.1017/s0266467407004725

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Traits included are SLA (leaf area per unit leaf mass, mm 2 mg À1 ), LL (average lifespan of leaves, in months), leaf nitrogen content per leaf area (N area , mg g À1 ), maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco enzyme per leaf area (v cmaxarea , lmol CO 2 m À2 s À1 ), and WD (wood dry mass per unit of green volume, g cm À3 ). All TRY data we used relates to the following original references: (Cornelissen, 1996;Cornelissen et al, 1996Cornelissen et al, , 2003Cornelissen et al, , 2004Castro-Diez et al, 1998;Atkin et al, 1999;Medlyn et al, 1999;Fonseca et al, 2000;Niinemets, 2001;Shipley, 2002;Shipley & Vu, 2002;Loveys et al, 2003;Ogaya & Penuelas, 2003;Quested et al, 2003;Xu & Baldocchi, 2003;Diaz et al, 2004;Wright et al, 2004Wright et al, , 2007Wright et al, , 2010Preston et al, 2006;Campbell et al, 2007;Garnier et al, 2007;Swaine, 2007;Cornwell et al, 2008;Kleyer et al, 2008;Kurokawa & Nakashizuka, 2008;Reich et al, 2008Reich et al, , 2009Shiodera et al, 2008;Chave et al, 2009;Fyllas et al, 2009;Kattge et al, 2009;Poorter et al, 2009;Freschet et al, 2010;Laughlin et al, 2010;Messier et al, 2010;Ordonez et al, 2010;…”

Section: Tree Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf and stem economics spectra drive diversity of functional plant traits in a dynamic global vegetation model

Sakschewski

Bloh

Boit

et al. 2015

Global Change Biology

186

208

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Functional diversity is critical for ecosystem dynamics, stability and productivity. However, dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) which are increasingly used to simulate ecosystem functions under global change, condense functional diversity to plant functional types (PFTs) with constant parameters. Here, we develop an individual- and trait-based version of the DGVM LPJmL (Lund-Potsdam-Jena managed Land) called LPJmL- flexible individual traits (LPJmL-FIT) with flexible individual traits) which we apply to generate plant trait maps for the Amazon basin. LPJmL-FIT incorporates empirical ranges of five traits of tropical trees extracted from the TRY global plant trait database, namely specific leaf area (SLA), leaf longevity (LL), leaf nitrogen content (N ), the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco per leaf area (vcmaxarea), and wood density (WD). To scale the individual growth performance of trees, the leaf traits are linked by trade-offs based on the leaf economics spectrum, whereas wood density is linked to tree mortality. No preselection of growth strategies is taking place, because individuals with unique trait combinations are uniformly distributed at tree establishment. We validate the modeled trait distributions by empirical trait data and the modeled biomass by a remote sensing product along a climatic gradient. Including trait variability and trade-offs successfully predicts natural trait distributions and achieves a more realistic representation of functional diversity at the local to regional scale. As sites of high climatic variability, the fringes of the Amazon promote trait divergence and the coexistence of multiple tree growth strategies, while lower plant trait diversity is found in the species-rich center of the region with relatively low climatic variability. LPJmL-FIT enables to test hypotheses on the effects of functional biodiversity on ecosystem functioning and to apply the DGVM to current challenges in ecosystem management from local to global scales, that is, deforestation and climate change effects.

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Section: Tree Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf and stem economics spectra drive diversity of functional plant traits in a dynamic global vegetation model

Sakschewski

Bloh

Boit

et al. 2015

Global Change Biology

186

208

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The extensive compilation of leaf longevities used in the review paper by Wright et al (2005 a ) included very few climbers; however, it suggested a similar mean longevity for lianas and erect woody species. Similarly, a survey of leaf longevities in tropical understorey species in Indonesia showed both large variability and lack of consistent differences between growth forms in spite of a lower LMA in climbers ( Shiodera et al , 2008 ). The latter authors suggest that the uncoupling of LMA and longevity relationship in lianas can be attributed to a lower requirement for leaf lamina support in semi-epiphytic climbers.…”

Section: Leaf Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic correlates of the lianescent growth form: a review

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAs proposed by Darwin, climbers have been assumed to allocate a smaller fraction of biomass to support organs in comparison with self-supporting plants. They have also been hypothesized to possess a set of traits associated with fast growth, resource uptake and high productivity.ScopeIn this review, these hypotheses are evaluated by assembling and synthesizing published and unpublished data sets from across the globe concerning resource allocation, growth rates and traits of leaves, stems and roots of climbers and self-supporting species.ConclusionsThe majority of studies offer little support for the smaller allocation of biomass to stems or greater relative growth rates in climbers; however, these results are based on small sized (<1 kg) plants. Simulations based on allometric biomass equations demonstrate, however, that larger lianas allocate a greater fraction of above-ground biomass to leaves (and therefore less biomass to stems) compared with similar sized trees. A survey of leaf traits of lianas revealed their lower average leaf mass per area (LMA), higher N and P concentration and a slightly higher mass-based photosynthetic rate, as well as a lower concentration of phenolic-based compounds than in woody self-supporting species, consistent with the specialization of lianas towards the fast metabolism/rapid turnover end of the global trait spectra. Liana stems have an efficient hydraulic design and unique mechanical features, while roots appear to penetrate deeper soil levels than in trees and are often able to generate hydraulic pressure. Much remains to be learned, however, about these and other functional specializations of their axial organs and the associated trade-offs. Developmental switches between self-supporting, searcher and climbing shoots within the same individual are a promising field of comparative studies on trait association in lianas. Finally, some of the vast trait variability within lianas may be reduced when species with different climbing mechanisms are considered separately, and when phylogenetic conservatism is accounted for.

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“…; Reich et al . ; Vincent ; Shiodera, Rahajoe & Kohyama ). Then, which of the cases appropriately reflects the pattern for real leaves?…”

Section: Variation In Lls As a Factor Affecting Estimation Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, LLS varies within a leaf cohort in a wide variety of plant species, as indicated by the shape of leaf survivorship curves (e.g. Bazzaz & Harper 1977;Maillette 1982;Nilsen 1986;Lowman 1992;Osada et al 2003;Reich et al 2004;Vincent 2006;Shiodera, Rahajoe & Kohyama 2008). Then, which of the cases appropriately reflects the pattern for real leaves?…”

Section: Daily Carbon Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of life span variation within a leaf cohort for evaluation of the optimal timing of leaf shedding

Oikawa

Kitajima

2014

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. Leaf life span (LLS) has been intensively studied as a key functional trait, and it is thought to have evolved and acclimates so as to optimize carbon balance or nitrogen use. However, empirical studies have produced inconsistent results in support of the theoretical predictions of optimal LLS. 2. How rapidly daily carbon gain declines with leaf age is a critical parameter in the theories of optimal LLS, and it is often estimated from empirical data on the mean daily carbon gain of surviving leaves at each age class. We predict that such statistical approach should result in overestimation of daily carbon gain at the mean LLS, especially when LLS variation is large in the leaf cohort. 3. This prediction is supported by simple simulations; daily carbon gain linearly declines to zero at the death of each individual leaf within a cohort (Case 1), and daily carbon gain linearly declines to zero at the cohort mean LLS ð tÞ (Case 2). In addition, variance in the initial carbon gain is considered, with the inverse relationship between the initial carbon gain and LLS but other assumptions are same as in the Case 1 (Case 3). Under the Cases 1 and 3, the mean daily carbon gain of surviving leaves at ð tÞ is always positive, and it increases with increasing LLS variance within a cohort. Under the Case 2, the mean daily carbon gain of surviving leaves at ð tÞ is zero regardless of variation in LLS, but this case is unrealistic as some leaves with negative carbon balance are assumed to survive for long-time when LLS variability is large. 4. Published data on multiple species demonstrate a positive relationship of photosynthetic capacity at ð tÞ with LLS variability as predicted by our simulation under the Cases 1 and 3. This strongly suggests that the age-related decline of carbon gain may be underestimated in many previous studies that neglect within-cohort variation in LLS. 5. In conclusion, we call attention to the importance of LLS variations within a leaf cohort, which should be considered in empirical test of the theories of optimal LLS.

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Variation in longevity and traits of leaves among co-occurring understorey plants in a tropical montane forest

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Leaf and stem economics spectra drive diversity of functional plant traits in a dynamic global vegetation model

Leaf and stem economics spectra drive diversity of functional plant traits in a dynamic global vegetation model

Phenotypic correlates of the lianescent growth form: a review

Implications of life span variation within a leaf cohort for evaluation of the optimal timing of leaf shedding

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