Variation in Lipid Components from 15 Species of Tropical and Temperate Seaweeds

Abstract

The present study describes the variation in lipid components from 15 species of seaweeds belonging to the Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, and Rhodophyta phyla collected in tropical (Indonesia) and temperate (Japan) areas. Analyses were performed of multiple components, including chlorophylls, carotenoids, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and alpha tocopherol (α-Toc). Chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contents varied among phyla, but not with the sampling location. Chl a and b were the major chlorophylls in Chlorophyta. Chl a and Chl c were the main chlorophylls in Ochrophyta, while Chl a was the dominant chlorophylls in Rhodophyta. β-Carotene and fucoxanthin were detected as major seaweed carotenoids. The former was present in all species in a variety of ranges, while the latter was mainly found in Ochrophyta and in small quantities in Rhodophyta, but not in Chlorophyta. The total lipids (TL) content and fatty acids composition were strongly affected by sampling location. The TL and n-3 PUFAs levels tended to be higher in temperate seaweeds compared with those in tropical seaweeds. The major n-3 PUFAs in different phyla, namely, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) in Ochrophyta, α-linolenic acid (ALA) and SDA in Chlorophyta, and EPA in Rhodophyta, accumulated in temperate seaweeds. Chlorophylls, their derivatives, and carotenoids are known to have health benefits, such as antioxidant activities, while n-3 PUFAs are known to be essential nutrients that positively influence human nutrition and health. Therefore, seaweed lipids could be used as a source of ingredients with health benefits for functional foods and nutraceuticals.

Characterization of Bioactive Components in Edible Algae

“…Among the species of macroalgae studied in the articles of this special issue, we find, for example, the species harvested in Indonesia and Japan, where lipid content variations were evaluated. Susanto et al (2019) [10] concluded that the total lipid (TL) content and fatty acid composition were strongly affected by sampling location. The TL and n-3 PUFA levels tended to be higher in temperate seaweeds compared to those in tropical seaweeds.…”

“…The TL and n-3 PUFA levels tended to be higher in temperate seaweeds compared to those in tropical seaweeds. In this study were analyzed four species of edible green algae (Chlorophyta; edible seaweeds of the world): Caulerpa lentillifera and Ulva reticulata, harvested in Indonesia; Ulva intestinalis, U. australis, and U. reticulata, harvested in Japan; five species of red algae (Rhodophyta): Gracilariopsis longissima, harvested in Indonesia, Gloiopeltis furcata, Chondrus yendoi, Mazzaella japonica and Chondria crassicaulis, harvested in Japan; and six species of brown algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae): Sargassum aquifolium, harvested in Indonesia, Costaria costata, Undaria pinnatifida, Saccharina japonica, Sargassum fusiforme and S. horneri, harvested in Japan [5,10].…”

Identifying seaweeds species of Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta using DNA barcodes

“…Hence the DNA barcodes of G. salicornia generated in the present study will be useful for exploring invasive potential and in macroalgal identification during microbial-macro-algal interaction studies. Gracilariopsis longissima are actively cultured seafood (Bermejo et al, 2020) and a source of bioactive compounds (Susanto et al, 2019). Hydropuntia edulis were known for its high content of UV-absorbing compounds (Tanaka et al, 2020).…”

Pengaruh Perbedaan Pre-Treatment terhadap Stabilitas Karotenoid dan Fenol pada Ekstrak Sargassum duplicatum selama Penyimpanan

“…Jenis karotenoid yang dominan terdapat dalam Sargassum sp. adalah fukosantin (Fs) (Susanto et al 2016, Susanto et al 2019. Sedangkan senyawa fenol merupakan metabolit sekunder berbentuk cincin benzen aromatik yang memiliki satu atau lebih gugus hidroksil yang terikat langsung dengan cincin aromatik, termasuk turunan fungsionalnya.…”

“…Karotenoid merupakan pigmen yang larut dalam lemak sehingga senyawa ini dapat terekstrak dalam pelarut organik metanol (Park et al 2007). Rumput laut cokelat mengandung beberapa jenis karotenoid antara lain zeaksantin (Zs), violasantin (vs), beta-karoten (β-kar), dan Fs (Susanto et al 2019). Karotenoid pada ekstrak metanol S. duplicatum mengalami degradasi selama penyimpanan suhu ruang yang terpapar sinar matahari ( Figure 2).…”