Variation in intra‐annual wood formation, and foliage and shoot development of three major Canadian boreal tree species

Zhai, Lihong; Bergeron, Yves; Huang, Jian‐Guo; Berninger, Frank

doi:10.3732/ajb.1100235

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Furthermore, a study from Zhai et al . () indicated that when precipitation had a positive effect on growth, the temperature's impact on growth was less than that of tree water status. However, the requirements for both early and late wood formation (during the post‐growth phase) have varying temperature and water availability requirements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating water‐potential induced swelling and shrinking from measured radial stem variations reveals a cambial growth and osmotic concentration signal

Chan

Hölttä

Berninger

et al. 2015

Plant Cell & Environment

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The quantification of cambial growth over short time periods has been hampered by problems to discern between growth and the swelling and shrinking of a tree stem. This paper presents a model, which separates cambial growth and reversible water-potential induced diurnal changes from simultaneously measured whole stem and xylem radial variations, from field-measured Scots pine trees in Finland. The modelled growth, which includes osmotic concentration changes, was compared with (direct) dendrometer measurements and microcore samples. In addition, the relationship of modelled growth and dendrometer measurements to environmental factors was analysed. The results showed that the water-potential induced changes of tree radius were successfully separated from stem growth. Daily growth predicted by the model exhibited a high correlation with the modelled daily changes of osmotic concentration in phloem, and a temperature dependency in early summer. Late-summer growth saw higher dependency on water availability and temperature. Evaluation of the model against dendrometer measurements showed that the latter masked a true environmental signal in stem growth due to water-potential induced changes. The model provides better understanding of radial growth physiology and offers potential to examine growth dynamics and changes due to osmotic concentration, and how the environment affects growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating water‐potential induced swelling and shrinking from measured radial stem variations reveals a cambial growth and osmotic concentration signal

Chan

Hölttä

Berninger

et al. 2015

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Both cambium activity and the onset of xylem formation occurred before budburst in the two species, which is consistent with other boreal (Zhai et al ., ) and European (Rossi et al ., ) conifers. The start of wood formation before budburst thus indicates an alternative source of energy and carbon skeletons during this period (Begum et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylem formation can be modeled statistically as a function of primary growth and cambium activity

2014

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SummaryPrimary (budburst, foliage and shoot) growth and secondary (cambium and xylem) growth of plants play a vital role in sequestering atmospheric carbon. However, their potential relationships have never been mathematically quantified and the underlying physiological mechanisms are unclear. We monitored primary and secondary growth in Picea mariana and Abies balsamea on a weekly basis from 2010 to 2013 at four sites over an altitudinal gradient (25-900 m) in the eastern Canadian boreal forest.We determined the timings of onset and termination through the fitted functions and their first derivative. We quantified the potential relationships between primary growth and secondary growth using the mixed-effects model.We found that xylem formation of boreal conifers can be modeled as a function of cambium activity, bud phenology, and shoot and needle growth, as well as species-and site-specific factors.Our model reveals that there may be an optimal mechanism to simultaneously allocate the photosynthetic products and stored nonstructural carbon to growth of different organs at different times in the growing season. This mathematical link can bridge phenological modeling, forest ecosystem productivity and carbon cycle modeling, which will certainly contribute to an improved prediction of ecosystem productivity and carbon equilibrium.

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“…The trees currently growing at the sites have genetically adapted to the local environmental and climate conditions, and would not be able to fully adapt to future climatic conditions considering the rate of changes and the pace of genetic selection [34], [47]. However, they can demonstrate some growth plasticity to respond to climate warming such as early onset of xylem cell production [48], [49], spring early flowering, budburst, and shoot extension [49], [50]. As the next generation develops acclimation of seeds to new climatic environment and selection of best adapted genotypes will contribute to a better response to the changing climate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Future Climate on Radial Growth of Four Major Boreal Tree Species in the Eastern Canadian Boreal Forest

et al. 2013

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Immediate phenotypic variation and the lagged effect of evolutionary adaptation to climate change appear to be two key processes in tree responses to climate warming. This study examines these components in two types of growth models for predicting the 2010–2099 diameter growth change of four major boreal species Betula papyrifera, Pinus banksiana, Picea mariana, and Populus tremuloides along a broad latitudinal gradient in eastern Canada under future climate projections. Climate-growth response models for 34 stands over nine latitudes were calibrated and cross-validated. An adaptive response model (A-model), in which the climate-growth relationship varies over time, and a fixed response model (F-model), in which the relationship is constant over time, were constructed to predict future growth. For the former, we examined how future growth of stands in northern latitudes could be forecasted using growth-climate equations derived from stands currently growing in southern latitudes assuming that current climate in southern locations provide an analogue for future conditions in the north. For the latter, we tested if future growth of stands would be maximally predicted using the growth-climate equation obtained from the given local stand assuming a lagged response to climate due to genetic constraints. Both models predicted a large growth increase in northern stands due to more benign temperatures, whereas there was a minimal growth change in southern stands due to potentially warm-temperature induced drought-stress. The A-model demonstrates a changing environment whereas the F-model highlights a constant growth response to future warming. As time elapses we can predict a gradual transition between a response to climate associated with the current conditions (F-model) to a more adapted response to future climate (A-model). Our modeling approach provides a template to predict tree growth response to climate warming at mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.

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Variation in intra‐annual wood formation, and foliage and shoot development of three major Canadian boreal tree species

Abstract: The results show that both the timing of growth processes and environmental dependences differ among co-occurring species, thereby leading to different adaptive capability of these boreal tree species to climate change.

Cited by 42 publications

References 51 publications

Separating water‐potential induced swelling and shrinking from measured radial stem variations reveals a cambial growth and osmotic concentration signal

Separating water‐potential induced swelling and shrinking from measured radial stem variations reveals a cambial growth and osmotic concentration signal

Xylem formation can be modeled statistically as a function of primary growth and cambium activity

Impact of Future Climate on Radial Growth of Four Major Boreal Tree Species in the Eastern Canadian Boreal Forest

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