Variation in <i><scp>A</scp>lnus glutinosa</i> susceptibility to <i><scp>P</scp>hytophthora ×alni</i> infection and its geographic pattern in the <scp>C</scp>zech <scp>R</scp>epublic

Štochlová, P.; Novotná, Kateřina; Černý, K.

doi:10.1111/efp.12205

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…There are several examples of differences in susceptibility to pathogens among tree host individuals and populations from different locations (Roll‐Hansen, ; Hunt et al ., ; Carnegie et al ., ; Swedjemark et al ., ; Hamilton et al ., ; Balmelli et al ., ; Romeralo et al ., ; Štochlová et al ., ). For example, European larch ( Larix decidua ) differs strongly in susceptibility to larch canker ( Lachnellula willkommii ) depending on the provenance (Yde‐Andersen, ).…”

Section: Evolutionary Aspects Of Ash Genetic Diversity and Variation mentioning

confidence: 97%

Ash dieback due toHymenoscyphus fraxineus: what can be learnt from evolutionary ecology?

et al. 2016

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The future existence of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), an important tree species throughout temperate Europe, is threatened. An invasive fungal disease (ash dieback) has spread through much of the distribution area of common ash. The causal agent of the disease is Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, a necrotrophic ascomycete, most probably introduced from Asia in the early 1990s. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus infects ash trees and saplings through their leaves, from which it grows into the stem. The fungus was studied intensively in recent years but there is still a need to address the topic from an evolutionary perspective. In this overview, some key evolutionary aspects of ash dieback are discussed, from the Red Queen dynamics of host–pathogen interactions to the probable consequences for virulence evolution of multiple infections. The progression of ash dieback in Europe does not show spatial differences, but studies show variation in susceptibility within host populations, a probable consequence of genetic differences, thus providing material for evolution of disease resistance or tolerance. Breeding programmes need to maintain the genetic diversity of Fraxinus, to enable it to withstand further threats such as climate change and the emerald ash borer. Because H. fraxineus reproduces exclusively sexually, the pathogen is likely to overcome a narrow genetic resistance. The introduction of further strains of H. fraxineus to Europe and the movement of infected plant material should be avoided. This case study shows that the integration of evolutionary ecology considerations would benefit plant disease management and biosecurity in general.

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Section: Evolutionary Aspects Of Ash Genetic Diversity and Variation mentioning

confidence: 97%

Ash dieback due toHymenoscyphus fraxineus: what can be learnt from evolutionary ecology?

et al. 2016

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“…The results of infection of alder with P. alni complex depend on several factors: type of inoculated organ [40,41], method of inoculation [40], environment condition [42], derivation of isolate-host genotype, geographic provenience [37], and, as was shown in our study, from what source the isolates were obtained-diseased trunks or soil from under these trees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Jung et al [34] indicate the necessity of planting alder genotypes of higher resistance to P. alni root rot. Štochlová et al [37] studied the susceptibility of 90 black alder genotypes from different Czech regions against two isolates of P. × alni, observing infections on cut fragments of branches and recorded the area of necrotic lesions on phloem parts. A great variability between genotypes and isolates was observed in that experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of Phytophthora× alni Isolates Obtained from Symptomatic Trees, Soil and Water against Alder

Trzewik

Maciorowski

Orlikowska

2021

Forests

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Phytophthora alni complex (P. × alni, P. × multiformis, P. uniformis) are pathogens attacking alder seedlings and trees, causing significant losses in nurseries and natural tree stands. Decay of alder trees has been observed in Poland for over a dozen years. Overall, 25 Polish isolates of P. × alni obtained from symptomatic alder trunks, rhizosphere soil surrounding infected trees, and nearby natural streams were compared with isolates from symptomatic trunks obtained in France, Belgium and Hungary. Morphologic characterization of mycelium, vegetative and generative organs, temperature effect on mycelium growth, and their pathogenicity were studied. The mycelium growth rate of isolates from symptomatic plants was fastest on Carrot Agar (CA) medium, and from soil and water on Vegetable Agar (V8A) medium. The sizes of zoosporangia varied depending on their origin. The isolates that originated from the soil had the largest zoosporangia. The diameter of the oogonia and antheridia did not differ regardless of their origin. The results of pathogenicity tests of P. × alni isolates obtained from different sources showed that the soil isolates were the most aggressive in each test, followed by the isolates from the trunks and water. A simple test of leaf colonization can give an idea of the aggressiveness of the isolate towards the shoots and roots. No morphological or physiological markers of aggressiveness have been found.

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“…Comparison to results from other studies suggests a higher aggressiveness of the PAA and PAU isolates or higher susceptibility of the A. glutinosa genotypes used in our study. Isolate genotype seems to be an important factor affecting lesion development and mortality, as demonstrated by various experiments with PAA (Haque and Diez, 2012;Chandelier et al, 2016;Štochlová et al, 2016;Zamora-Ballesteros et al, 2017). The host plant susceptibility or resistance depends on many variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The host plant susceptibility or resistance depends on many variables. Significant differences in susceptibility/tolerance of individual A. glutinosa trees to PAA were demonstrated in Belgium, Germany and the Czech Republic (Jung and Blaschke, 2006;Chandelier et al, 2016;Štochlová et al, 2016). In an extensive study including 90 genotypes of A. glutinosa sampled across the Czech Republic Štochlová et al (2016) found that differences in susceptibility to PAA were also depending on the geographic origin and altitude of the alder genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Alnus glutinosa to Phytophthora bark infections at ambient and elevated CO2 levels

Macháčová,

Tomášková,

Corcobado

et al. 2024

Front. For. Glob. Change

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IntroductionMortality of the riparian alder population caused by Phytophthora pathogens has been studied for over 20 years throughout Europe, recently gaining more importance in the context of evident climate change. The main objective of this study was to examine the pathogenicity of species from the “Phytophthora alni complex” present in the Czech Republic (P. × alni and P. uniformis) and P. plurivora to Alnus glutinosa seedlings grown at ambient and elevated CO2 concentration.MethodsAn underbark inoculation test was performed with seedlings grown from seeds collected from two Czech alder populations, one suffering from severe Phytophthora decline and the other disease-free.ResultsThe results showed significant differences in lesion development and seedling mortality. After a 13-week experimental period, at both CO2 levels P. × alni and P. uniformis showed high aggressiveness to A. glutinosa seedlings causing lesions of variable sizes and mortality of 33.3%, and 45.8% of plants, respectively. In contrast, P. plurivora did not cause mortality to any plant, and lesion sizes did not differ significantly from those in control plants. Physiological measurements did not reveal any significant differences between Phytophthora species except for plants inoculated with P. plurivora showing increased values in specific physiological parameters 4 weeks post-inoculation. Net photosynthesis decreased over the measurement period in all treatments with significant differences found between measurements conducted 2 and 4 weeks after the inoculation. Transpiration showed a decreasing trend in all inoculated plants with no significant differences between Phytophthora species at both CO2 levels. Chemical analyses of root samples showed high variability in sugars and phenolic compounds related to the plant's health status.DiscussionThis is the first study to examine the response of alder seedlings to Phytophthora pathogens at different CO2 levels. The findings demonstrate high aggressiveness of P. × alni and P. uniformis and weaker aggressiveness of P. plurivora to alder seedlings regardless of the CO2 level.

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Variation in Alnus glutinosa susceptibility to Phytophthora ×alni infection and its geographic pattern in the Czech Republic

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Ash dieback due toHymenoscyphus fraxineus: what can be learnt from evolutionary ecology?

Ash dieback due toHymenoscyphus fraxineus: what can be learnt from evolutionary ecology?

Pathogenicity of Phytophthora× alni Isolates Obtained from Symptomatic Trees, Soil and Water against Alder

Response of Alnus glutinosa to Phytophthora bark infections at ambient and elevated CO2 levels

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