Variation in Human Milk Composition Is Related to Differences in Milk and Infant Fecal Microbial Communities

Pace, Ryan M.; Williams, Janet E.; Robertson, Bianca; Lackey, Kimberly A.; Meehan, Courtney L.; Price, William J.; Foster, James A.; Sellen, Daniel; Kamau-Mbuthia, Elizabeth; Kamundia, Egidioh W.; Mbugua, Samwel; Moore, Sophie E.; Prentice, Andrew M.; Kita, Debela G.; Kvist, Linda J.; Otoo, Gloria E.; Ruíz, Lorena; Rodríguez, Juan M.; Pareja, Rossina G.; McGuire, Mark A.; Bode, Lars; McGuire, Michelle K.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9061153

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Given that human milk bacteria, including S. epidermidis , Streptococcus spp. and Veillonella spp., are among the early colonizers of the infant gut [ 31 , 64 ], they may have important implications for infants. S. epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen and common infant gut colonizer and has been shown to be associated with sporadic diarrhoea in children [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Porphyromonas sp. [ 28 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 46 ]. The differences may be due to factors such as methodology, in particular, sequencing different regions of the 16S rRNA gene, environmental factors known to impact HMOs and the human milk microbiota, or differences in geographical location [ 15 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Staphylococcus spp. [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Additionally, both positive and negative associations between individual HMOs and specific human milk bacteria have been reported [ 28 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bacterial Profile Modulate Infant Body Composition during Exclusive Breastfeeding

Cheema

Gridneva

Fürst

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Human milk is a complex and variable ecosystem fundamental to the development of newborns. This study aimed to investigate relationships between human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and human milk bacterial profiles and infant body composition. Human milk samples (n = 60) were collected at two months postpartum. Infant and maternal body composition was measured with bioimpedance spectroscopy. Human milk bacterial profiles were assessed using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and 19 HMOs were quantitated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Relative abundance of human milk bacterial taxa were significantly associated with concentrations of several fucosylated and sialylated HMOs. Individual human milk bacteria and HMO intakes and concentrations were also significantly associated with infant anthropometry, fat-free mass, and adiposity. Furthermore, when data were stratified based on maternal secretor status, some of these relationships differed significantly among infants born to secretor vs non-secretor mothers. In conclusion, in this pilot study the human milk bacterial profile and HMO intakes and concentrations were significantly associated with infant body composition, with associations modified by secretor status. Future research designed to increase the understanding of the mechanisms by which HMO and human milk bacteria modulate infant body composition should include intakes in addition to concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bacterial Profile Modulate Infant Body Composition during Exclusive Breastfeeding

Cheema

Gridneva

Fürst

et al. 2022

IJMS

Self Cite

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“…and Streptococcus sp. have been shown to be able to metabolize HMOs [ 52 , 53 ]. Both positive and negative correlations between HMO concentrations and the relative abundance of certain gut bacteria, including Bifidobacterium sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exclusively Breastfed Infant Microbiota Develops over Time and Is Associated with Human Milk Oligosaccharide Intakes

Cheema

Trevenen

Turlach

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Temporal development of maternal and infant microbiomes during early life impacts short- and long-term infant health. This study aimed to characterize bacterial dynamics within maternal faecal, human milk (HM), infant oral, and infant faecal samples during the exclusive breastfeeding period and to document associations between human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) intakes and infant oral and faecal bacterial profiles. Maternal and infant samples (n = 10) were collected at 2–5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days postpartum and the full-length 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was sequenced. Nineteen HMOs were quantitated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Bacterial profiles were unique to each sample type and changed significantly over time, with a large degree of intra- and inter-individual variation in all sample types. Beta diversity was stable over time within infant faecal, maternal faecal and HM samples, however, the infant oral microbiota at day 2–5 significantly differed from all other time points (all p < 0.02). HMO concentrations and intakes significantly differed over time, and HMO intakes showed differential associations with taxa observed in infant oral and faecal samples. The direct clinical relevance of this, however, is unknown. Regardless, future studies should account for intakes of HMOs when modelling the impact of HM on infant growth, as it may have implications for infant microbiota development.

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“…Maternal breast milk DNA was isolated using a modified INSPIRE protocol [ 29 ]. Given the naturally low biomass of microbial DNA in breast milk and the need for focus on sterile and validated processing techniques, we chose this well-known protocol previously utilized [ 30 , 31 ]. Briefly, samples (2 mL) were centrifuged (13,000× g ) for 10 min at 4 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and Metabolomic Patterns in the Breast Milk of Subjects with Celiac Disease on a Gluten-Free Diet

et al. 2021

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The intestinal microbiome may trigger celiac disease (CD) in individuals with a genetic disposition when exposed to dietary gluten. Research demonstrates that nutrition during infancy is crucial to the intestinal microbiome engraftment. Very few studies to date have focused on the breast milk composition of subjects with a history of CD on a gluten-free diet. Here, we utilize a multi-omics approach with shotgun metagenomics to analyze the breast milk microbiome integrated with metabolome profiling of 36 subjects, 20 with CD on a gluten-free diet and 16 healthy controls. These analyses identified significant differences in bacterial and viral species/strains and functional pathways but no difference in metabolite abundance. Specifically, three bacterial strains with increased abundance were identified in subjects with CD on a gluten-free diet of which one (Rothia mucilaginosa) has been previously linked to autoimmune conditions. We also identified five pathways with increased abundance in subjects with CD on a gluten-free diet. We additionally found four bacterial and two viral species/strains with increased abundance in healthy controls. Overall, the differences observed in bacterial and viral species/strains and in functional pathways observed in our analysis may influence microbiome engraftment in neonates, which may impact their future clinical outcomes.

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Variation in Human Milk Composition Is Related to Differences in Milk and Infant Fecal Microbial Communities

Cited by 36 publications

References 64 publications

Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bacterial Profile Modulate Infant Body Composition during Exclusive Breastfeeding

Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bacterial Profile Modulate Infant Body Composition during Exclusive Breastfeeding

Exclusively Breastfed Infant Microbiota Develops over Time and Is Associated with Human Milk Oligosaccharide Intakes

Microbiota and Metabolomic Patterns in the Breast Milk of Subjects with Celiac Disease on a Gluten-Free Diet

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