Variation in Concentration of Phenolic Acid Derivatives and Quercetin Glycosides in Foliage of Cranberry that May Play a Role in Pest Deterrence

Abstract

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Vaccinium macrocarpon, gypsy moth, cranberry weevil, red-headed flea beetle ABSTRACT. Several insect herbivores have been anecdotally reported to prefer 'Howes' cranberry leaves (Vaccinium macrocarpon) over those of 'Early Black'. A series of studies were undertaken to determine whether these anecdotal reports are accurate and to compare phenolic profiles in the foliage of 'Early Black' and 'Howes' for compounds that differ in concentration and could be further investigated as possible feeding deterrents. Gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar) demonstrated a significant feeding preference for 'Howes' over 'Early Black'. Red-headed flea beetle adults (Systena frontalis) demonstrated a similar but not statistically significant trend, whereas cranberry weevil (Anthonomus musculus) did not prefer either cultivar. Compounds giving rise to six peaks in the phenolic profile were significantly greater in concentration in 'Early Black' than 'Howes' on at least one of three sampling dates during the growing season. Five of these compounds were isolated from leaves harvested at the June time point coinciding with gypsy moth infestation and identified as: 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, 5-Op-coumaroylquinic acid, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside.

Comparison of phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential between selected edible fruits and their leaves

“…Another essential bioactive component of V. macrocarpon leaves is phenolic acids, with a total content between 532.3 and 676.8 mg/100 g for 'Howes' and 'Early Black' cv., respectively (Neto & Dao, 2010). Similar values were determined in the present study in leaves of 'Howes' and 'Favorite Bain' varieties (449.00 and 429.77 mg/100 g).…”

Berry Leaves: An Alternative Source of Bioactive Natural Products of Nutritional and Medicinal Value

“…Proanthocyanidins (47.18 mg/g dry leaves), flavan-3-ols (27.76 mg/g), phenolic acids (2.36 mg/g), and flavonols (33.64 mg/g) were in higher concentration than in the respective fruits [ 73 ]. In addition, Neto et al [ 74 ] have performed an HPLC-MS analysis of the phenolic profile of two cultivars, i.e. , in Early Black and Howes ; the phenolic acids are mainly chlorogenic and neo-chlorogenic acid, as well as 3- O - and 5- O -coumaroylquinic acids.…”

Toxicity of Insecticides on Various Life Stages of Two Tortricid Pests of Cranberries and on a Non-Target Predator

“…In 2014, the total cranberry production in the USA was 994,082 tons with a total value of $254.4 million; New Jersey (USA) was ranked third in the nation with a total production of 77,160 tons valued at $22.7 million [ 10 ]. Cranberries produce various phenolic compounds in leaves and fruit [ 11 ], which makes them more resistant to insect feeding [ 12 , 13 ]. Despite such resistance, pest pressure may increase when cranberries are grown commercially as large-scale monocultures [ 14 ].…”