Toxicity of Insecticides on Various Life Stages of Two Tortricid Pests of Cranberries and on a Non-Target Predator

Abstract

Laboratory and extended laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the residual toxicities of various insecticides against two key pests of cranberries, Sparganothis sulfureana and Choristoneura parallela (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and their non-target effects on the predatory Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). The effects of nine insecticides with different modes of action on S. sulfureana and Ch. parallela eggs, larvae, and adults were tested in the laboratory, while the efficacy of a post-bloom application on larval mortality and mass of these pests and on adult O. insidiosus was evaluated in extended laboratory experiments. The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the spinosyn spinetoram provided long-lasting (seven-day) control against all stages of both pests. The growth regulator methoxyfenozide and the diamides chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole had strong (1–7 days) larvicidal, particularly on young larvae, and growth inhibitory activity, but only the diamides were adulticidal. Among neonicotinoids, acetamiprid had stronger ovicidal and adulticidal activity than thiamethoxam, showing within-insecticide class differences in toxicities; however, both were weak on larvae. Lethality of novaluron and indoxacarb was inconsistent, varying depending on species and stage. Chlorpyrifos was most toxic to O. insidiosus. These results show species- and stage-specific toxicities, and greater compatibility with biological control, of the newer reduced-risk classes of insecticides than older chemistries.

Activity of a selective insecticide (methoxyfenozide) against two mosquito species (Culex pipiensandCuliseta longiareolata): toxicological, biometrical and biochemical study

“…New selective insecticides such as IGDs have little or no impact on many beneficial organisms (Mordue et al, 2005;Merzendorfer, 2013;Fogel et al, 2016;Rodriguez-Saona et al, 2016). Thus, dibenzoylhydrazine compounds can be applied successfully as environmentally safe insecticides against lepidopteran and coleopteran insect species (Dhadialla et al, 1998;Pineda et al, 2004;Dhadialla et al, 2005;Dhadialla & Ross, 2007;Smagghe et al, 2012;Dallaire & Cusson, 2017).…”

Neonicotinoids act like endocrine disrupting chemicals in newly-emerged bees and winter bees

“…Larvicides and adulticides are insecticides that are developed for insect pests to address age-specific differences in susceptibility 36 , 47 . In the current study, worker honey bees and leafcutter bees were collected at adult eclosion which encompasses the emergence of the insect from the pupal cell followed by expansion and hardening of the wings.…”

“…Prior to eclosion, midgut tissues have little structure, but become regionalized after adult emergence, remaining stable except when recovering from acute tissue damage 49 . There are reviews on the outcome of insecticide exposure in target pest insects 5 , 47 , but as bees are non-target arthropods, less information is available regarding their stage-specific susceptibility. Our data support a greater sensitivity of newly-emerged nurse-aged worker honey bees for imidacloprid exposure compared with forager-aged worker honey bees which is likely related to the changes in midgut permeability associated with the regionalization process.…”

Genome-wide DNA Mutability and Biochemical Effects of Novel Insecticides in the Control of Date Palm Fruit Pest Ephestia cautella (Walker)

“…The efficacy of insecticides is dependent on their modes of action, the insect species, developmental stage, the methods of treatment, and the number of days posttreatment (Rodriguez-Saona et al 2016). In the present study, the results obtained from the investigation of the effects of five novel insecticides on the third instar-stage larvae of E. cautella under laboratory conditions indicated major advantages of these novel compounds in reducing the risks posed by conventional insecticides that exert higher toxicity on both mammals and environment.…”

“…Spinosyns are a large family comprising unprecedented compounds produced during fermentation by two species of Saccharopolyspora. Several reports have confirmed their insecticidal potency, in addition to their broad-spectrum activities against all the stages of several lepidopterous pests (Rodriguez et al 2016). At present, Spinosad Tracer® is the only insecticide registered for use against E. Cautella on date fruit in Egypt.…”