Variation in Atmospheric Precipitation in Poland in the Years 2001–2018

Abstract

Climate change scenarios are in agreement as to the direction of air temperature changes in global warming, although the magnitude of the warming depends on the scenario adopted. In contrast, projections of changes in precipitation totals in Poland are not clear and obvious. Analysis of long-term observational series reveals no clear significant trends in levels of precipitation, despite periods of fluctuation, as well as an upward trend reported in the annual amount of precipitation, especially in northern Poland. However, the increasing variability of annual rainfall totals is commonly highlighted. In the years 1861–1990, the coefficient of variation of annual precipitation totals increased from about 10% to 16%. In the years 1971–2000, this coefficient for Poland increased to 17%, and in the period of 2001–2018, which is the subject of the present study, to 19%. Despite the lack of clear trends in annual totals, the increase in the coefficient of variation results in an increase in the frequency of both drought and floods. This unfavorable situation is exacerbated by the downward trend observed in the share of summer rainfall in the annual total. In urban areas with increasing surface sealing, the share of surface runoff in the water balance increases, and in this situation short-term rainfall will cause local flooding.

Water Needs of Willow (Salix L.) in Western Poland

“…The impact of water resources on crops is particularly important in Poland, as Polish water resources are relatively small compared to other European countries. The average total precipitation is about 630 mm (i.e., 196 km 3 per year) [37]. Additionally, water resources in Poland are characterized by high spatial and temporal variability.…”

The influence of atmospheric circulation on the occurrence of dry and wet periods in Central Poland in 1954–2018

“…Low stability of precipitation totals is characteristic of Central Poland and is one of the key features of the climate in this part of Europe (e.g. Wibig 1999Wibig , 2009Woś 2010;Wibig and Piotrowski 2018;Pińskwar et al 2019;Szwed 2019;Ziernicka-Wojtaszek and Kopcińska 2020).…”

Impact of Climate Change in the Banat Plain, Western Romania, on the Accessibility of Water for Crop Production in Agriculture

“…1.514 (4) where t n is the average multiannual (normal) temperature of each month of the year, in • C. Monthly indices (i) are calculated only for positive temperatures.…”

“…These negative effects are observed by changing their distribution around the globe, such as the fall area, their quantity, as well as their distribution over time (vegetation period, cold period of the year). These changes in the water circuit in nature, as a consequence of climate change, have a stronger impact than global warming [4,5]. More floods are being recorded, while arid areas are increasing globally, which has negative repercussions on ensuring the food of an ever-growing population, providing the necessary water to industry, agriculture and water supply to the population, as well as ensuring a hygienic and comfortable standard of living [6][7][8].…”