Variation among Merino sheep in susceptibilty to lice (Bovicola ovis) and association with susceptibility to trichostrongylid gastrointestinal parasites

James, Peter; Carmichael, I. H.; Pfeffer, A.; Martin, R.R.; O’Callaghan, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00601-x

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This might be due to lowered immune response as a predisposing factor. The poor body condition could also be due to chronic ectoparasites infestation as the ectoparasites are blood suckers and cause skin irritation which in turn results animals to spend most of their time on itching (James et al, 2002) In the current study, host species was not found to have statistically significant association with the prevalence of ticks and fleas in small ruminants.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Prevalence and risk factors of ectoparasites in small ruminants in and around Haramaya University, eastern Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Abera¹,

Gebrewahd²

2019

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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Infestation by external parasites causes mortality, decreased productivity and financial loss in the animal exports. A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2016 to April, 2017 in and around Haramaya University, Eastern Oromia region, Ethiopia to determine the prevalence, host risk factors and identify ectoparasites on small ruminants. Accordingly, a total of 384 small ruminants (190 sheep, and 194 goats) were randomly selected and examined for the presence of ectoparasites. Then, samples of ectoparasites were collected manually and put in clean universal bottles containing 70% ethanol. The samples were transported to the Haramaya University Veterinary Parasitology laboratory and identified to genus/species level under stereomicroscope. The overall prevalence of ectoparasites was 98% (sheep 55.8% and goats 42.2%), and the major identified ectoparasites were ticks 80 (20.8%), lice 78 (20.3%) and fleas 70 (7.8%). The genus/species of the identified ectoparasites were lice (Damalina ovis, 12.8% and Linognathus stenopsis, 7.5%), fleas (Ctenocephalus, 7.8), ticks (Ambyloma variegatum, 6.8%, Boophilus decoloratus, 9.4%, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, 2.9% and Hyalomma truncatum, 1.8%). Host risk factors such as sex, species, breed, body condition score and physiological status (pregnancy) were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the overall prevalence of ectoparasites in small ruminants. According to this study, there was high prevalence of ectoparasites in small ruminants of the study area. Therefore, to minimize this high prevalence of ectoparasites in small ruminants and their impacts, appropriate and strategic control measures are paramount important.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Prevalence and risk factors of ectoparasites in small ruminants in and around Haramaya University, eastern Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Abera¹,

Gebrewahd²

2019

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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“…Sickness or morbidity may be caused by endoparasites, but there are few studies exploring how endoparasite load relates to ectoparasite burden. In mammals, sarcoptic mange Sarcoptes scabiei infections were associated with higher prevalence of cestodes and nematodes in foxes (Balestrieri et al 2006), and individual susceptibility to sheep biting lice Bovicola ovis was positively associated with levels of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in Merino sheep, indicating that sheep with greater resistance to GI parasites also tended to be less susceptible to lice (James et al 2002). In a study of male satin bowerbirds Ptilonorhynchus violaceus , there was a positive correlation between intensities of the haemosporidian Haemoproteus and the amblyceran lice Myrsidea ptilonorhynchi (Borgia et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectoparasite intensities are correlated with endoparasite infection loads in willow ptarmigan

Holmstad¹,

Jensen²,

Skorping³

2008

Oikos

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Most studies exploring the effect of parasites on host fitness traits deal with a small subset of the parasite community, or with a single parasite species. The results of such studies may be difficult to interpret, because the potential effects of other parasites are not controlled for. If intensities of different parasite species tend to covary, any demonstrated effect by one parasite species could be caused by another, covarying species. In the current study we found that intensities of two different feather lice on willow ptarmigan were positively correlated. Moreover, ectoparasite intensities could be reliably predicted by endoparasite loads. This is unexpected since feather lice are controlled by preening, while endoparasites are kept in check by the immune system. Our results suggest a link between these two aspects of parasite defense, possibly mediated by endoparasite infections reducing host energy available for preening.

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“…The SA strain came from sheep that had been individually infested with low numbers of lice collected from donor sheep which had been held without treatment for at least 5 years. The populations of lice built up on the recipient sheep and persisted without treatment for a further 4 years before testing (James et al ., 2002). Only diflubenzuron was tested with the SA strain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to insect growth regulator insecticides in populations of sheep lice as assessed by a moulting disruption assay

James¹,

Cramp²,

Hook³

2008

Medical Vet Entomology

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Low-volume, backline applications with the benzoylphenyl urea insecticides triflumuron and diflubenzuron represent in excess of 70% of treatments for the control of sheep lice, Bovicola ovis (Schrank) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae), in Australia. Reports of reduced effectiveness from 2003 and subsequent controlled treatment trials suggested the emergence of resistance to these compounds in B. ovis populations. A laboratory assay based on the measurement of moulting success in nymphs was developed and used to assess susceptibility to diflubenzuron and triflumuron in louse populations collected from sheep where a control failure had occurred. These tests confirmed the development of resistance to triflumuron and diflubenzuron in at least two instances, with estimated resistance ratios of 67-94X at LC(50).

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Variation among Merino sheep in susceptibilty to lice (Bovicola ovis) and association with susceptibility to trichostrongylid gastrointestinal parasites

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of ectoparasites in small ruminants in and around Haramaya University, eastern Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Prevalence and risk factors of ectoparasites in small ruminants in and around Haramaya University, eastern Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Ectoparasite intensities are correlated with endoparasite infection loads in willow ptarmigan

Resistance to insect growth regulator insecticides in populations of sheep lice as assessed by a moulting disruption assay

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