Variation among inbred and linecross mice in response to fescue toxicosis1

Bf, Miller; Kl, Armstrong; La, Wilson; Wd, Hohenboken; Rg, Saacke

doi:10.2527/1994.72112896x

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Furthermore, growth rates of nursing pups were significantly lower if their mothers were consuming the E+ diet. Similar results are obtained when livestock and laboratory rodents are given endophyte-infected feed (Crawford et al 1989;Godfrey et al 1994;Miller et al 1994;Zavos et al 1987). The reduction in vole growth rates in response to endophytes in the diet may have been caused indirectly (via a reduction of food intake) or directly by some unknown factor associated with the endophyte that interferes with normal digestion or absorption of food or with metabolism.…”

Section: Femalessupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Ergot peptide alkaloids pro-© 1998 NRC Canada duced by the endophyte are believed to be the primary agents responsible for fescue toxicosis in grazing mammals (Belesky et al 1988; Thompson and Stuedemann 1993). Rats and mice consuming endophytes also suffer decreases in food intake, low growth rates, and poor reproductive performance (Godfrey et al 1994;Miller et al 1994;Neal and Schmidt 1985;Varney et al 1988;Zavos et al 1985Zavos et al , 1986Zavos et al , 1987Zavos et al , 1990.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of endophyte consumption on food intake, growth, and reproduction in prairie voles

Durham¹,

Tannenbaum²

1998

Can. J. Zool.

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Grasses infected with fungal endophytes are known to deter herbivores. Athough ingestion of infected plant tissues has detrimental effects on insects, birds, domestic livestock, and laboratory rodents, little is known about the consequences of endophyte consumption for wild rodent consumers. This multigenerational study investigated how consumption of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) seeds infected with the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum affects prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Breeding pairs were fed one of three base diets: laboratory rodent chow (C; control diet), 50% uninfected tall fescue seeds plus 50% chow (E-), or 50% endophyte-infected seeds plus 50% chow (E+). In the first generation, the E+ diet suppressed food and water intake, growth rates, and reproductive success, so no voles fed on the E+ diet could be followed in the second generation. In general, voles of the two generations performed similarly on the C and E-diets. Our findings show that prairie voles are sensitive to the presence of endophytes, or associated alkaloids, in their diets, and suggest that freeranging voles avoid consuming endophyte-infected plant tissues if other foods are available.Résumé : Les herbivores évitent de consommer les herbes infectées par des champignons endophytes. Les effets dommageables de l'ingestion de tissus infectés sur les insectes, les oiseaux, le bétail et les rongeurs de laboratoire sont assez bien connus, mais il existe peu d'information sur les conséquences de la consommation de ces endophytes chez les rongeurs en nature. Nous avons entrepris une étude sur plusieurs générations de campagnols pour déterminer l'effet de la consommation de graines de la Fétuque élevée (Festuca arundinacea) infectées par le champignon Acremonium coenophialum sur le Campagnol des Prairies (Microtus ochrogaster). Des couples de campagnols ont reçu l'un de trois régimes de base : moulée de laboratoire (C), 50% de graines de fétuque saine plus 50% de moulée de laboratoire (E-), ou 50% de graines infectées de fétuque plus 50% de moulée de laboratoire (E+). Chez les individus de la première génération, le régime E+ a enrayé la prise de nourriture et d'eau, les taux de croissance et le succès à la reproduction, si bien qu'aucun campagnol E+ n'a pu être étudié au cours d'une deuxième génération. En général, les campagnols C et E-se sont comportés de la même façon au cours de deux générations. Nos résultats indiquent que les Campagnols des Prairies sont sensibles à la présence d'endophytes ou d'alcaloïdes associés dans leur alimentation et il est logique de croire que les campagnols en nature éviteront les tissus de plantes infectées d'endophytes si d'autres aliments sont disponibles. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Femalessupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of endophyte consumption on food intake, growth, and reproduction in prairie voles

Durham¹,

Tannenbaum²

1998

Can. J. Zool.

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“…3 suffered a larger E+ diet-induced initial depression in postweaning growth than R-line mice but showed a greater tendency for compensatory gain. Zavos et al (1988), Godfrey et al (1994), and Miller et al (1994) also reported a depressive effect of Figure 6. Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl-transferase activity (GRT, nanomoles per minute per milligram protein) in livers of resistant-(R) and susceptible-line (S) mice killed at weaning or after 1 to 5 wk on the E− or E+ diet in Exp.…”

Section: Experiments 2 Dams From the S Line Were 7%mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Cattle may vary genetically in their response to tall fescue toxicosis (Lipsey et al, 1992;Nutting et al, 1992;Brown et al, 1996), but experimentation to document such variation is slow and expensive. Laboratory mice suffer reduced growth, reproduction, and lactation when fed endophyte-infected tall fescue seed (Zavos et al, 1987;Godfrey et al, 1994;Miller et al, 1994) and might therefore serve as a model to study genetic variation in response to tall fescue toxicosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and physiological responses to toxicosis in lines of mice selected for resistance or susceptibility to endophyte-infected tall fescue in the diet.

Hohenboken

Blodgett²

1997

Journal of Animal Science

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In three experiments, mice from lines selected for resistance (R) or susceptibility (S) to growth depression from endophyte-infected fescue seed in the diet were fed diets containing infected (E+) or non-infected (E-) seed. Activities of liver enzymes known to participate in oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis or in conjugation of xenobiotics were measured in these mice. In all experiments, E+ caused greater reduction in initial ADG of S than of R mice. In Exp. 1, liver cytochromes P450 and b5 activities were not affected by line, diet, or their interaction. These enzymes were not evaluated in subsequent experiments. In all experiments, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (GRT) activities differed between lines. Resistant mice had significantly higher GST activity on both diets in Exp. 1, on E- in Exp. 2, and on E+ in Exp. 3. Resistant mice had higher GRT activities on E+ in Exp. 1, on E- in Exp. 2, but after 4 wk on either diet in Exp. 3. Before test diets were imposed in Exp. 3, GST and GRT activities were higher in R-line mice. Divergent selection created lines that differed in response to tall fescue in the diet. Postweaning growth of resistant mice was less severely depressed by E+, although susceptible mice later expressed compensatory gain. Activities of two detoxification enzymes generally were higher in livers from R-line mice, suggesting a biochemical mechanism for the difference. Using such traits, it may be possible to select ruminants for resistance to fescue toxicosis.

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“…Laboratory mice may serve as a model to detect genetic differences between animals that are resistant and susceptible to fescue toxicosis since mice exposed to an Eþ diet have a reduced reproductive capacity in pregnancy and litter size (Zavos et al 1987a(Zavos et al , 1987bGodfrey et al 1994) and a depressed growth of pups due to reduced suckling performance of the dam (Zavos et al 1988). The experiments performed in the present study are a continuation of research where mice with a measurable genetic divergence in susceptibility to endophyte toxicity served as a model to study the physiological effects and metabolism of ergot alkaloids (Miller et al 1994;Hohenboken and Blodgett 1997;Wagner et al 2000). A long-term goal of this research is the identification of biochemical parameters that differ between the lines which could be applied to livestock to measure susceptibility amongst individuals, herds, breeds and species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Growth and hepaticin vitrometabolism of ergotamine in mice divergently selected for response to endophyte toxicity

et al. 2005

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This study investigated if genetic differences exhibited in endophyte-resistant and -susceptible mouse lines had persisted after 13 generations in which the integrity of lines was maintained yet selection ceased. Experimental groups were mouse lines fed an endophyte-free (E-) or -infected (E+) diet. The in vitro metabolism of the ergot alkaloid ergotamine in mouse liver microsomes was characterized by LC-MS/MS and compared between both lines before and after exposure to E+ feed. No difference in the average daily weight gain of pups between resistant and susceptible mice was observed on the E+ diet. Thus, for the weight gain selection criterion under study, the difference established between the two lines appears not to have persisted over the extended period of relaxed selection. Microsomal incubations produced nine predominate peaks in the HPLC assay. The peaks were confirmed by LC-MS/MS to be ergotamine, ergotamine epimer, monohydroxylated metabolites (M1, M2, M1e, M2e) and dihydroxylated metabolites (M3--5). A gender difference for metabolite formation was observed on the E- diet, in that females produced a greater amount of M1, M1e and M3--5 than males. When challenged with the E+ diet, mice showed differences in concentration of M3 for line (resistant > susceptible) and gender (female > male) and of M4 and M5 for gender (female > male). Gender differences in the metabolism of ergotamine have not been shown before in these lines of mice or other species used to study ergot alkaloid metabolism. This adds a potential source of variation in the susceptibility to fescue toxicity not explored previously and would be of value to investigate further.

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Variation among inbred and linecross mice in response to fescue toxicosis1

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of endophyte consumption on food intake, growth, and reproduction in prairie voles

Effects of endophyte consumption on food intake, growth, and reproduction in prairie voles

Growth and physiological responses to toxicosis in lines of mice selected for resistance or susceptibility to endophyte-infected tall fescue in the diet.

Growth and hepaticin vitrometabolism of ergotamine in mice divergently selected for response to endophyte toxicity

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