Variants of the cry 1 gene may influence the effect of fat intake on resting metabolic rate in women with overweight of obesity: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Previous studies have shown that the minor allele (C allele) for Cry 1 rs2287161, may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Low resting metabolic rate (RMR) caused by the diet has been shown to have, potentially, unfavorable effects on obesity. This study sought to investigate the interactions between the Cry 1 Gene and fat intake on RMR in women with overweight of obesity. Methods This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 377 Iranian women with overweight of obesity. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), with 147 items, was used to assess dietary intake. Individuals were categorized into two groups based on the rs2287161 genotype. Body composition, dietary intake, and RMR were assessed for all participants. Results There was a significant difference between genotypes for fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P = 0.04), fat free mass (FFM) (P = 0.0009), RMR per FFM (P = 0.05), RMR per body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.02), and RMR deviation (P = 0.01). Our findings also showed significant interactions between total fat and C allele carrier group on RMR per kg body weight, RMR per body surface area (BSA), RMR per FFM, and RMR deviation (P for interaction < 0.1), in addition to a significant interaction between CC + CG group genotype and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake on RMR per BMI (P for interaction =0.00) and RMR per kg (P for interaction = 0.02) and RMR per BSA (P = 0.07), compared to the GG group, after control for confounder factors. Conclusion These results highlight that dietary compositions, gene variants, and their interaction, should be acutely considered in lower RMR.

The association of Healthy Eating Index and its components with levels of fasting blood sugar and lipid profile in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic individuals

“…Also, in the total population, higher whole grain intake was associated with an increased level of HDL-C. The findings of the present study are comparable with the results of several previous studies that investigated the possible association of HEI with CVD risk factors and metabolic abnormalities risk (Ziaee et al, 2021;Shah et al, 2010;Saraf-Bank et al, 2017;Monfort-Pires et al, 2014;Huffman et al, 2011;Daneshzad et al, 2019;Asghari et al, 2012a;Zeinalabedini et al, 2023;Firouzabadi et al, 2023;Ahmadijoo et al, 2023); these previous studies have reported the controversial findings on the possible relationship between HEI and the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Contrary to our results, some studies supported the beneficial role of a diet with a high HEI score in reducing the risk of metabolic disorders; however, similar to our study, some studies did not observe significant results.…”

“…, 2023). Another cross-sectional study conducted on 377 Iranian obese women showed that adherence to a diet with a higher score of HEI may decrease the odds of elevated LDL-C, hypertension and hyperglycemia (Firouzabadi et al. , 2023).…”

“…A cross-sectional study in the framework of the Employees Health Cohort Study reported that a higher score of HEI-2015 was inversely associated with Framingham risk scores (Ahmadijoo et al, 2023). Another cross-sectional study conducted on 377 Iranian obese women showed that adherence to a diet with a higher score of HEI may decrease the odds of elevated LDL-C, hypertension and hyperglycemia (Firouzabadi et al, 2023). Furthermore, a study on patients with type 2 diabetes suggested that a higher score of HEI may related to reducing the odds of atherogenic index of plasma and body roundness index (Zeinalabedini et al, 2023).…”

CRY1 polymorphism may influence the association of low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score on glucose homeostasis in overweight and obese women

“…Another study conducted on Cry1 polymorphism demonstrated that SFA intake was significantly lower in the non-risk allele genotype group compared to the group with risk allele present. 61 In this study, subjects in the third tertile of LCD consumed higher amounts of some elements which are necessary for insulin modulation such as calcium and zinc. One of the possible reasons for the interaction of LCD and Cry1 on insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity might be the intake or level of minerals.…”

Positive Interaction Between CG, CC Genotypes of Cryptochrome Circadian Clocks 1, and Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index on High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Level in Women With Central Obesity

“…Normality distribution was analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov’s test (p > 0.05). The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and comparison of categorical variables were assessed with the χ 2 test [ 28 ]. Quantitative variables were reported as the means and SD and categorical characteristics information were reported as numbers and percentages.…”