Variant-centered variation and the like conspiracy

Abstract

The conventional methodology of variationist linguistics foregrounds the variable as the object of study: each variant is situated in the envelope of variation against the other variants it competes with. This paper argues that it is necessary to look beyond the context of the alternations a variant participates in in order to get a full picture of the factors affecting variation. The multi-functional variantlikeis used as a case study to illustrate the value of a variant-centered analysis: the fact that several distinct variables are all simultaneously changing toward the variantlikesuggests that a variant can be targeted for change across multiple variables, parallelling Campbell-Kibler (2011)’s model of the variant as the carrier of sociolinguistic meaning. It is conjectured that the set of changes towardlikecan be explained as a top-down discursive change targetinglikeas an indicator of vague literality, a function it retains in multiple distinct variable contexts.

Language play is language variation: Quantitative evidence and what it implies about language change

“…We suggest that language play has easy access to the abstract space that surrounds a linguistic variable-where overlap exists with similar structures and/or forms (see Aaron 2010, Dinkin 2016, Brook 2018. This sets up a prediction that language play is anything but willy-nilly; rather, the set of places in the grammar where we observe it ought to follow logically (in some way not yet well understood) from the present properties of the language and variety in question.…”