Variables predictive of adherence to diet and physical activity recommendations in the treatment of obesity and overweight, in a group of Spanish subjects

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To assess the factors that could predict a successful completion of a weight loss program. STUDY DESIGN: A single-centered, cross-sectional, prospective study conducted over 4 y. SUBJECTS: Data were obtained on 1018 overweight subjects (788 women, 230 men) aged 14.8-76.3 y (mean 38.4) and body mass index (BMI) of 31.7 (range 25.03-57.1) seeking help to lose weight at a specialist obesity clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A program involving a hypocaloric, Mediterranean diet was prescribed plus recommendations for free-time exercise and day-to-day activity. Follow-up was weekly until the desired weight loss was achieved ('successful completion') or the patient dropped-out of the program ('failure'). Cox's regression analysis was used to evaluate success and the variables included were compliance with the program, age, gender, initial BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, previous dietary programs, cause of obesity, age at which excessive weight was first noted and parental obesity. RESULTS: Factors predictive of completion were: gender (males responded better), previous dietary programs (predictive of dropout), initial BMI (higher index, lower completion), and age (younger age, poorer outcome). There was an interaction between parental obesity and offspring childhood obesity. Absence of parental obesity and adult-onset obesity had a higher probability of program completion. CONCLUSIONS: In a standard weight reduction program the recommendations of dietary restriction and moderate exercise seems less effective for women, persons with high BMI, younger age groups and those who have had other attempts at weight loss. Poorest outcomes applied to those subjects with childhood obesity and who had obese parents.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of yoga on weight-related outcomes

“…Despite the methodological drawbacks of the included trials, yoga can however be preliminarily considered a safe and effective intervention to reduce body mass index in overweight or obese but otherwise healthy adults. It has been shown that while women and younger individuals are less adherent to physical activity interventions targeting overweight and obesity (Bautista-Castano et al, 2004), those individuals are however more likely to practice yoga (Birdee et al, 2008;Cramer et al, 2013e). Thus, yoga can be specifically considered as an alternative to other forms of physical activity for overweight/obese individuals who are not adherent to recommended physical activity regimens.…”

Exercise does not feel the same when you are overweight: the impact of self-selected and imposed intensity on affect and exertion

“…To date, several studies have provided evidence that high body weight, BMI, or adiposity are associated with lower levels of physical activity participation and lower adherence to activity programs. [3][4][5][6][7][8] The reasons why overweight individuals seem even less willing than normal-weight ones to participate in and adhere to physical activity remain largely unknown despite the obvious practical importance of this question. In the general population, the problem of adherence and dropout is typically approached from the perspective of conceptual models originating in social psychology and general health behavior, none of which take the uniqueness of the physical activity stimulus into account.…”

Adesão de Servidores Públicos a Programa de Qualidade de Vida e Intervenção Nutricional

“…Bautista-Castaño et al 25 avaliaram os fatores preditivos da adesão em estudo com 1018 indivíduos que apresentavam excesso de peso inscritos em programa de intervenção nutricional e estímulo à pratica de atividade física. Os autores sugeriram que intervenções com o objetivo de perda de peso e mudança de modos de vida são menos eficazes para indivíduos do sexo feminino, com IMC elevado, mais jovens e que já tentaram perder peso anteriormente.…”