Variables associated with the incidence of infantile esotropia

Major, Archima

doi:10.1016/j.optm.2008.01.014

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Prior studies have reported that infantile esotropia occurs in 1% to 2% of all new-born children,7–12 and even recent publications refer to it as the most common form of pediatric strabismus 13–19. However, such statements are in contrast to the findings from this study in which only 1 in 403 newborns were diagnosed with infantile esotropia.…”

Section: Commentcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Is the Incidence of Infantile Esotropia Declining?

Louwagie¹

2009

Arch Ophthalmol

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Section: Commentcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Is the Incidence of Infantile Esotropia Declining?

Louwagie¹

2009

Arch Ophthalmol

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“…The presence of strabismus in the family showed no aswith ET (p= 0.83) and XT (p= 0.62), although studies show the heredity as a factor associated to strabismus 7,8,14 . There is a need for more research in this area to check this association, since it is common the presence of several cases of strabismus in the same family, mainly ET.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…These data for ET are found in the literature. [7][8][9] There is a need for more studies to relate sex to strabismus, mainly horizontal strabismus, more common in practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical forms and risk factors associated with strabismus in visual binocularity

Rocha¹,

Sanches²,

Pessoa³

et al. 2016

Revista Brasileira De Oftalmologia

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RESUMOObjetivo: Identificar e analisar fatores de risco associados ao estrabismo, dados oftalmológicos e antecedentes pessoais e familiares. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, descritivo e analítico realizado com 240 pacientes que consultaram pela primeira vez nos ambulatórios de estrabismo. Foram avaliadas a frequência e associação entre estrabismo, dados de exames oftalmológicos e antecedentes pessoais e familiares para identificação dos fatores de risco. Resultados: Observou-se maior prevalência de estrabismo em mulheres (56,96%) em relação aos homens (43,02%). A faixa etária mais atendida no ambulatório de estrabismo foi composta de crianças até 15 anos de idade (83,54%). Encontrou-se mais esotropia (55,27%) que exotropia (42,20%) e parcela menor de estrabismo vertical isolado (2,53%). A prematuridade foi associada ao estrabismo convergente (p=0,023) e não ao divergente (p=0,086). O diabetes mellitus materno foi associado à esotropia (p=0,024) e exotropia (p=0,036) no filho, mas a hipertensão arterial materna, uso de medicamentos para hipertensão e diabetes durante a gravidez e drogas ilícitas não foram estatisticamente significativos. Pacientes com paralisia cerebral tiveram mais associação com exotropia (p=0,008) que esotropia (p=0,019). Malformações congênitas, consanguinidade entre os pais e traumas oculares não apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa para o estrabismo. A maioria dos pacientes com estrabismo apresentou boa acuidade visual corrigida e fundoscopia normal. Na análise de proporções a hipermetropia foi mais frequente na esotropia (68,7%). Conclusão: Os fatores de riscos internos e externos podem interferir na formação e desenvolvimento do olho na fase de plasticidade ocular, com prejuízo da binocularidade visual, podendo resultar em estrabismo. Há divergências com relação aos fatores de risco realmente associados e mais estudos são necessários para a identificação. Institutions where the study was carried out:

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“…Previous evidence from epidemiological investigations had confirmed that strabismus was associated with premature delivery (Cotter et al 2011;Maconachie et al 2013), low birthweight but not premature (Torp-Pedersen et al 2010a,b;Gulati et al 2014), method of delivery (Dobson & Sebris 1989;Pathai et al 2010) and hereditary (Abrahamsson et al 1999;Birch et al 2005;Major et al 2007). The results of our meta-analysis also further provided supports for a possible effect of infant birthweight on the risk of strabismus among smoking pregnant mothers, although the association was not statistically significant (p for interaction> 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…; Major et al. ). The results of our meta‐analysis also further provided supports for a possible effect of infant birthweight on the risk of strabismus among smoking pregnant mothers, although the association was not statistically significant (p for interaction> 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of strabismus in offspring: a meta‐analysis

Yang

Wang

Gan

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on strabismus in offspring remains unclear. We conducted a meta‐analysis to summarize epidemiological evidences on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of offspring strabismus. Eligible studies were searched from the PubMed, Ovid, Embase and CNKI databases up to May 2018. The qualities of included articles were assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the assessment scale recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Odds ratios (ORs) corresponding with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate the effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the risk of offspring strabismus. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. The Begg's test and Egger's test were used to assess the publication bias. Eleven articles involving 4,833 patients with strabismus were included. The pooled OR showed that maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with strabismus in offspring (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.32–1.60). Compared with less than 10 cigarettes per day (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06–1.29), maternal smoking 10 cigarettes or more per day during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of offspring strabismus (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.39–2.31). The risk of developing esotropia and exotropia for smoking pregnant women, respectively, increased by 65% (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.31–2.09 and OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.24–2.19) than those who did not smoke during pregnancy. Additionally, the increased risk of maternity smoking associated with offspring strabismus was stable across all subgroup analyses. Overall, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of offspring strabismus and the result was persistent in subgroup analyses, suggesting the importance in changing smoking habit or smoking cessation for women who are pregnant or preparing to.

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Variables associated with the incidence of infantile esotropia

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Is the Incidence of Infantile Esotropia Declining?

Is the Incidence of Infantile Esotropia Declining?

Clinical forms and risk factors associated with strabismus in visual binocularity

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of strabismus in offspring: a meta‐analysis

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