Is the Incidence of Infantile Esotropia Declining?

Gender differences in horizontal strabismus: Systematic review and meta-analysis shows no difference in prevalence, but gender bias towards females in the clinic

“…After adjustment of the female numbers to take into account the unequal sex ratio in the general population, there were 78 442 males and 85 732 females [ 1 - 9 , 11 - 13 , 18 - 21 , 99 - 126 , 128 - 136 , 138 , 139 , 141 - 203 , 207 - 230 ]. Among the clinic-based studies, 40 studies detailed gender information for esotropia (4983 males and 5526 females, adjusted for the sex ratio) [ 4 , 12 , 13 , 20 , 99 , 101 , 104 - 107 , 111 , 115 , 119 , 122 , 132 , 133 , 136 , 139 , 143 , 144 , 146 , 150 , 154 , 160 , 163 , 164 , 167 , 174 , 176 , 180 , 187 , 198 , 200 , 209 , 211 , 213 , 219 - 221 , 229 ], and 51 studies detailed gender information for exotropia (4056 males and 5122 females, adjusted for the sex ratio) [ 1 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 19 - 21 , 99 , 104 - 107 , 111 , 112 , 115 …”

Gender differences in horizontal strabismus: Systematic review and meta-analysis shows no difference in prevalence, but gender bias towards females in the clinic

“…After adjustment of the female numbers to take into account the unequal sex ratio in the general population, there were 78 442 males and 85 732 females [ 1 - 9 , 11 - 13 , 18 - 21 , 99 - 126 , 128 - 136 , 138 , 139 , 141 - 203 , 207 - 230 ]. Among the clinic-based studies, 40 studies detailed gender information for esotropia (4983 males and 5526 females, adjusted for the sex ratio) [ 4 , 12 , 13 , 20 , 99 , 101 , 104 - 107 , 111 , 115 , 119 , 122 , 132 , 133 , 136 , 139 , 143 , 144 , 146 , 150 , 154 , 160 , 163 , 164 , 167 , 174 , 176 , 180 , 187 , 198 , 200 , 209 , 211 , 213 , 219 - 221 , 229 ], and 51 studies detailed gender information for exotropia (4056 males and 5122 females, adjusted for the sex ratio) [ 1 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 19 - 21 , 99 , 104 - 107 , 111 , 112 , 115 …”

Effects of Surgical Timing on Surgical Success and Long-term Motor and Sensory Outcomes of Infantile Esotropia

“…The incidence of amblyopia in patients with infantile esotropia is variable in the literature. Louwagie et al 17 reported that the frequency of amblyopia ranged from 29.4% to 55.8%. In an important study by Ing, 18 the results of 106 patients who underwent surgery for infantile esotropia showed that after an average followup of 8.4 years, amblyopia defined as a BCVA difference of one line or more was detected in 41% of patients.…”

Prevalence of Ocular Abnormalities in Term Infants

“…While strabismus is seen between 2-4 % of the general population (25) , esotropia is seen between 1-3% of the children, and infantile esotropia constitutes 28-54% of all childhood esotropias (26) . Based on a recent study, esotropia was reported to affect an average of 0.25% of the society (27) . The critical period for the development of stereopsis is between the 4th and 6th months of age (28) .…”

Gender differences in horizontal strabismus: Systematic review and meta-analysis shows no difference in prevalence, but gender bias towards females in the clinic

“…After adjustment of the female numbers to take into account the unequal sex ratio in the general population, there were 78 442 males and 85 732 females [ 1 - 9 , 11 - 13 , 18 - 21 , 99 - 126 , 128 - 136 , 138 , 139 , 141 - 203 , 207 - 230 ]. Among the clinic-based studies, 40 studies detailed gender information for esotropia (4983 males and 5526 females, adjusted for the sex ratio) [ 4 , 12 , 13 , 20 , 99 , 101 , 104 - 107 , 111 , 115 , 119 , 122 , 132 , 133 , 136 , 139 , 143 , 144 , 146 , 150 , 154 , 160 , 163 , 164 , 167 , 174 , 176 , 180 , 187 , 198 , 200 , 209 , 211 , 213 , 219 - 221 , 229 ], and 51 studies detailed gender information for exotropia (4056 males and 5122 females, adjusted for the sex ratio) [ 1 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 19 - 21 , 99 , 104 - 107 , 111 , 112 , 115 …”

Effects of Surgical Timing on Surgical Success and Long-term Motor and Sensory Outcomes of Infantile Esotropia

“…The incidence of amblyopia in patients with infantile esotropia is variable in the literature. Louwagie et al 17 reported that the frequency of amblyopia ranged from 29.4% to 55.8%. In an important study by Ing, 18 the results of 106 patients who underwent surgery for infantile esotropia showed that after an average followup of 8.4 years, amblyopia defined as a BCVA difference of one line or more was detected in 41% of patients.…”

Prevalence of Ocular Abnormalities in Term Infants

“…While strabismus is seen between 2-4 % of the general population (25) , esotropia is seen between 1-3% of the children, and infantile esotropia constitutes 28-54% of all childhood esotropias (26) . Based on a recent study, esotropia was reported to affect an average of 0.25% of the society (27) . The critical period for the development of stereopsis is between the 4th and 6th months of age (28) .…”

Gender differences in horizontal strabismus: Systematic review and meta-analysis shows no difference in prevalence, but gender bias towards females in the clinic

“…After adjustment of the female numbers to take into account the unequal sex ratio in the general population, there were 78 442 males and 85 732 females [ 1 - 9 , 11 - 13 , 18 - 21 , 99 - 126 , 128 - 136 , 138 , 139 , 141 - 203 , 207 - 230 ]. Among the clinic-based studies, 40 studies detailed gender information for esotropia (4983 males and 5526 females, adjusted for the sex ratio) [ 4 , 12 , 13 , 20 , 99 , 101 , 104 - 107 , 111 , 115 , 119 , 122 , 132 , 133 , 136 , 139 , 143 , 144 , 146 , 150 , 154 , 160 , 163 , 164 , 167 , 174 , 176 , 180 , 187 , 198 , 200 , 209 , 211 , 213 , 219 - 221 , 229 ], and 51 studies detailed gender information for exotropia (4056 males and 5122 females, adjusted for the sex ratio) [ 1 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 19 - 21 , 99 , 104 - 107 , 111 , 112 , 115 …”

Effects of Surgical Timing on Surgical Success and Long-term Motor and Sensory Outcomes of Infantile Esotropia

“…The incidence of amblyopia in patients with infantile esotropia is variable in the literature. Louwagie et al 17 reported that the frequency of amblyopia ranged from 29.4% to 55.8%. In an important study by Ing, 18 the results of 106 patients who underwent surgery for infantile esotropia showed that after an average followup of 8.4 years, amblyopia defined as a BCVA difference of one line or more was detected in 41% of patients.…”

Prevalence of Ocular Abnormalities in Term Infants

“…While strabismus is seen between 2-4 % of the general population (25) , esotropia is seen between 1-3% of the children, and infantile esotropia constitutes 28-54% of all childhood esotropias (26) . Based on a recent study, esotropia was reported to affect an average of 0.25% of the society (27) . The critical period for the development of stereopsis is between the 4th and 6th months of age (28) .…”