Variable temperature, salinity and water mass structures in the southwestern Taiwan Strait in summer

Hu, Jianyu; Hong, Huasheng; Li, Yan; Jiang, Yuwu; Chen, Zhaozhang; Zhu, Jia; Wan, Zhenwen; Sun, Zhenyu; Hong-xing, Liang

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2011.02.003

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This variability is closely correlated with the variation in the alongshore component of wind stress. Such variability of coastal upwelling can also be demonstrated by a variable hydrographical structure in the sea area near Dongshan with different scale, location, and intensity of low‐temperature and high‐salinity water [ Hu et al ., ]. In addition to interannual variability, two regions of coastal upwelling in the western TWS have clear intermonthly variability in summer [ Hu et al ., ], and the coastal upwelling and cold eddy off Vietnam are punctuated by the intraseasonal oscillation [e.g., Xie et al ., ].…”

Section: Progress Of Upwelling Studies In the China Seasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on upwelling studies in the China seas

Wang

2016

Reviews of Geophysics

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East Asian marginal seas surrounding China exhibit rich ocean upwelling, mostly in response to the southwesterly summer monsoon. Upwelling in the China seas, namely, the South China Sea, the Taiwan Strait, the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the Bohai Sea, has become increasingly important because the potential changes in the upwelling may have dramatic ecosystem, socioeconomic, and climate impacts. This paper reviews the progress of upwelling studies in the China seas since the year 2000, by presenting the principal characteristics and new understanding of 12 major upwelling regions in the China seas. Upwelling exhibits long-term variability at intraseasonal to multidecadal scales as well as short-term variability frequently caused by tropical cyclones. It is also associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, local environmental variation, and biogeochemical factors. The coastal upwelling around Hainan Island and the upwelling or cold dome northeast of Taiwan Island are specifically highlighted because they have attracted great interest for decades. This paper summarizes upwelling mechanisms in terms of wind, topography, tide, stratification, and background flow, with applications mostly to the China seas. Finally, we propose some topics for future upwelling research, i.e., potential intensification of coastal upwelling under global climate change, downwelling, intrusion of upwelling into coastal embayments, and the influence of upwelling on fishery and biogeochemical processes.

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Section: Progress Of Upwelling Studies In the China Seasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on upwelling studies in the China seas

Wang

2016

Reviews of Geophysics

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192

130

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“…The southwesterly monsoon prevails in June and July, and the average wind stress is weaker than 0.025 N m −2 [ Jan et al ., ]. Water masses from the river plume and upwellings of different intensities are detected in the northeastern SCS from summer cruises [ Hu et al ., ]. Three current systems occupy the southern Taiwan Strait in summer, and the combined volume transport through the Taiwan Strait is approximately 2.3 × 10 6 m 3 s −1 , which contributes substantial buoyant water and water‐borne materials from the SCS to the East China Sea [ Hu et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When it is advected eastward off the Guangdong coast, the plume thins in the surface layer, and cross‐shore circulation is enhanced in the upper water column [ Gan et al ., ]. The eastward plume water reaches the southern Taiwan Strait and has little effect on the upwelling circulation near the bottom [ Shu et al ., ]. This low‐salinity plume water can even be detected in the Penghu Channel [ Bai et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of upwelling on pathway and freshwater transport of Pearl River plume in northeastern South China Sea

2017

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In situ observations, satellite images, and numerical modeling results have shown that the Pearl River plume axis extends alongshore and passes through two separate upwelling regions—one off the Guangdong and Fujian coasts (the Yuedong upwelling) and the other in the Taiwan Bank during the initial and medium stages of the Yuedong upwelling, while it is directed offshore when the Yuedong upwelling is strong. Model experiments are conducted to examine the effects of wind strength and baroclinicity on the upwelling and the corresponding pathway and freshwater transport of the Pearl River plume. The baroclinic effect is important to intensifying the horizontal velocity at the upwelling front and freshwater transport in the northeastern South China Sea. The freshwater transport flux is further decomposed into advection, vertical shear, and tidal pumping components, and advection is the dominant contributor. As the Yuedong upwelling develops, the zone with a relatively high‐pressure gradient moves offshore due to offshore Ekman transport and the shift in the upwelling front, which is responsible for the offshore transport of the river plume. When the river plume is transported to the outer‐shelf, sometimes it can be further entrained into eddies, allowing its export to the open sea.

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“…An analogous structure is present in the in situ temperature and salinity distributions reported by Hu et al . [], so that upwelled water at the eastern edge of the shelf within the TWB involves not only low temperature and high salinity but also high nutrients. The high NO 3 levels (>1 μM) also exist in the bottom water near the inshore edge of the cross‐shelf sections, which is consistent with the path of subsurface water described in section , though the concentration at the section B is underestimated to some extent.…”

Section: Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the surface and bottom Ekman effects, the currents trend offshore at the surface (Figure a) and onshore at the bottom (Figure b), which generates a compensatory onshore flow near the bottom of the eastern Guangdong shelf. This is in agreement with observations and other previous numerical studies [ Gan et al ., ; Hu et al ., ], which suggested that the subsurface cold water off the Shanwei shelf break climbs onto shelf at the head of the widened continental shelf and advects northeastward along the Guangdong coast, ultimately outcropping in the lee of the cape near Shantou (Figures a). The bottom temperature distribution (Figure b) in the model also shows low temperature water (24–26°C) from the shelf‐break offshore of Shanwei stretching into the near‐shore region off DSI.…”

Section: Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer nitrogenous nutrient transport and its fate in the Taiwan Strait: A coupled physical‐biological modeling approach

et al. 2013

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[1] In order to understand the fate of nutrients in the Taiwan Strait during summer, we built a coupled physical-biological numerical ocean model, which can capture the basic hydrographic and biological features within the strait. The nutrient that we chose to model is dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). The model includes individual reservoirs for nitrate (NO 3 ) and ammonium (NH 4 ). Both the observational evidence and model results show that NO 3 in the strait originates primarily from the upwelling subsurface water in the northern South China Sea (SCS) that enters the strait via the eastern and western routes separated by the Taiwan Bank. The coupled physical and biological effects on the NO 3 transport at these two routes are highlighted in the study. For the western route, the shallow topography and the coastal upwelling intensify the biological uptake of NO 3 in the whole water column. Consequently, the nitrogenous contribution by this route is mainly in form of the particulate organic nitrogen (PON). In contrast, NO 3 is transported conservatively below the nitricline at the deep eastern route, contributing the whole NO 3 supply in the TWS. The model estimates the fluxes of DIN and PON into the TWS, from the northern SCS, are 1.8 and 4 kmol s À1, respectively. Over half ($1 kmol s À1) of the DIN is synthesized into PON by the phytoplankton in the strait. Overall, this study estimates the physical and biological effects on the nutrient transport in the TWS during summer.

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Variable temperature, salinity and water mass structures in the southwestern Taiwan Strait in summer

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Progress on upwelling studies in the China seas

Progress on upwelling studies in the China seas

Development of upwelling on pathway and freshwater transport of Pearl River plume in northeastern South China Sea

Summer nitrogenous nutrient transport and its fate in the Taiwan Strait: A coupled physical‐biological modeling approach

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