Variable speed wind turbines capability for temporary over-production

Tarnowski, Germán Claudio; Kjar, Philip C.; Sørensen, Poul Ejnar; Østergaard, Jacob

doi:10.1109/pes.2009.5275387

Cited by 132 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The primary frequency response aims to stop the excursion and reach a steady state, whereas the secondary frequency response exerts the efforts to restore the frequency to its nominal value via automatic generation control (AGC). Referring to Figure 16, the synchronous generator provides a primary frequency response within 30 s. The rotational kinetic energy in variable speed wind turbine generators is used to realize a shortterm frequency support in [50][51][52][53][54]. To solve deviations in the frequency system, a control strategy is proposed to provide an inertia response for the wind turbine by adding a control loop to the frequency deviation derivative, which provides an extra active power production.…”

Section: Control Frequency Response Supported By Offshore Wind Farm Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review

2017

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Abstract:The inclusion of wind energy in a power system network is currently seeing a significant increase. However, this inclusion has resulted in degradation of the inertia response, which in turn seriously affects the stability of the power system's frequency. This problem can be solved by using an active power reserve to stabilize the frequency within an allowable limit in the event of a sudden load increment or the loss of generators. Active power reserves can be utilized via three approaches: (1) de-loading method (pitching or over-speeding) by a variable speed wind turbine (VSWT); (2) stored energy in the capacitors of voltage source converter-high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission; and (3) coordination of frequency regulation between the offshore wind farms and the VSC-HVDC transmission. This paper reviews the solutions that can be used to overcome problems related to the frequency stability of grid-integrated offshore wind turbines. It also details the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with full-scale back to back (B2B) converters, its corresponding control strategies, and a typical VSC-HVDC system with an associated control system. The control methods, both on the levels of a wind turbine and the VSC-HVDC system that participate in a system's primary frequency control and emulation inertia, are discussed.

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Section: Control Frequency Response Supported By Offshore Wind Farm Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review

2017

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“…With high wind power penetration there is a risk that the power system inertial effect decreases, thus aggravating the grid frequency stability. The decrease of inertia effect on the grid may be even worse in power system with slow primary frequency response such as those large amount of hydropower, or in small power systems with inherent low inertia system such as islanded systems [18].…”

Section: Inertial Response With Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Wind Farms on Power System Stability

Abo‐Khalil¹

2013

Modeling and Control Aspects of Wind Power Systems

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“…Some approaches apply a frequency feedback loop that causes the wind turbine to deliver a power pulse or other waveform, by controling generator torque. In these approaches, the turbine still operates with maximum power tracking, so that energy is only temporarily injected and then reabsorbed, with no net change to the operating speed of the turbine [10]. This has the effect of reducing the rate of change of frequency at the onset of the event, possibly at the expense of a deeper frequency dip.…”

Section: A Control Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic energy from distributed wind farms: Technical potential and implications

Rawn

Gibescu

Kling

2010

2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)

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Abstract-This paper presents an assessment of the kinetic energy reserve that could be made available by aggregating a distributed group of wind farms. The size of reserve available for a single turbine and the range of wind speeds where it can be assumed available is computed and compared with the kinetic energy delivered by synchronous generators during typical transients. The size and availability of an aggregated reserve is then computed using wind speed data from 39 locations on and off the shores of the Netherlands. The dependence of this reserve on the area and density of sites being aggregated is presented. Finally, the aggregated reserve is compared on a statistical basis with the energy required for 87 frequency dip incidents in the European continental grid. It is concluded that although improved communications and control would be necessary, the technical potential could meet or exceed the need for inertial response forty percent of the time.

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Variable speed wind turbines capability for temporary over-production

Cited by 132 publications

References 7 publications

Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review

Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review

Impacts of Wind Farms on Power System Stability

Kinetic energy from distributed wind farms: Technical potential and implications

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