Variable responses of folivorous sawflies to leaf quality of mountain birch

Riipi, Marianna; Kause, Antti; Haukioja, Erkki; Ossipov, Vladimir; Ossipova, Svetlana; Pihlaja, Kalevi

doi:10.1139/x04-166

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Likewise, larval performance of four sawfly species was strongly associated with leaf water content of Betula pubescens but phenolics explained only a small part of the variance in leaf consumption (Riipi et al 2005). The Tenthrenidae larvae showed the particular behavior of covering their body with their own feces, a feature that is typical of rather specialized insect species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Explaining differential herbivory in sun and shade: the case of Aristotelia chilensis saplings

Guerra

Becerra

Gianoli

2010

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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Differential herbivory in contrasting environments is commonly explained by differences in plant traits. When several plant traits are considered, separate correlation analyses between herbivory and candidate traits are typically conducted. This makes it difficult to discern which trait best explain the herbivory patterns, or to avoid spurious inferences due to correlated characters. Aristotelia chilensis saplings sustain greater herbivory in shaded environments than in open habitats. We measured alkaloids, phenolics, trichomes, leaf thickness and water content in the same plants sampled for herbivory. We conducted a multiple regression analysis to estimate the relationship between herbivory and each plant trait accounting for the effect of correlated traits, thus identifying which trait(s) better explain(s) the differential herbivory on A. chilensis. We also estimated insect abundance in both light environments. Palatability bioassays tested whether leaf consumption by the main herbivore on A. chilensis was consistent with field herbivory patterns. Overall insect abundance was similar in open and shaded environments. While saplings in open environments had thicker leaves, lower leaf water content, and higher concentration of alkaloids and phenolics, no difference in trichome density was detected. The multiple regression analysis showed that leaf thickness was the only trait significantly associated with herbivory. Thicker leaves received less damage by herbivores. Sawfly larvae consumed more leaf tissue when fed on shade leaves. This result is consistent with field herbivory and, together with results of insect abundance, renders unlikely that the differential herbivory in A. chilensis was due to greater herbivory pressure in open habitats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Explaining differential herbivory in sun and shade: the case of Aristotelia chilensis saplings

Guerra

Becerra

Gianoli

2010

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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“…For example, chemicals other than N, phenolic glycosides (PG) and condensed tannins (CT) that also vary seasonally (e.g. carbohydrates) can have important effects on the arthropod community (Riipi et al . 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant genetics predicts intra‐annual variation in phytochemistry and arthropod community structure

et al. 2007

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With the emerging field of community genetics, it is important to quantify the key mechanisms that link genetics and community structure. We studied cottonwoods in common gardens and in natural stands and examined the potential for plant chemistry to be a primary mechanism linking plant genetics and arthropod communities. If plant chemistry drives the relationship between plant genetics and arthropod community structure, then several predictions followed. We would find (i) the strongest correlation between plant genetic composition and chemical composition; (ii) an intermediate correlation between plant chemical composition and arthropod community composition; and (iii) the weakest relationship between plant genetic composition and arthropod community composition. Our results supported our first prediction: plant genetics and chemistry had the strongest correlation in the common garden and the wild. Our results largely supported our second prediction, but varied across space, seasonally, and according to arthropod feeding group. Plant chemistry played a larger role in structuring common garden arthropod communities relative to wild communities, free-living arthropods relative to leaf and stem modifiers, and early-season relative to late-season arthropods. Our results did not support our last prediction, as host plant genetics was at least as tightly linked to arthropod community structure as plant chemistry, if not more so. Our results demonstrate the consistency of the relationship between plant genetics and biodiversity. Additionally, plant chemistry can be an important mechanism by which plant genetics affects arthropod community composition, but other genetic-based factors are likely involved that remain to be measured.

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“…Also hydrolysable tannins are present at higher levels in young birch leaves (Riipi et al 2002), and they are at least partly hydrolysed in the digestive tract of the different sawfly larvae (Lahtinen et al 2005). Regarding the temporal variation in the chemical composition of birch leaves in general, the differences between sawfly species also shows differences between species in correlations between leaf constituents and larval performance, but correlations with foliar phenolics are generally weak (Riipi et al 2005). Thus far, the understanding of chemical variation goes beyond the traditional direct and interactive effects of phenolics and nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kause et al 1999b;Haukioja et al 2002;Haukioja 2003). Regarding the theories of host specificity and co-evolution between plants and animals, important questions are raised by the effects of temporal variation of host foliage within herbivore species, as well as interspecific adaptations to utilise host leaves of a certain age (Raupp & Denno 1983;Lawson et al 1984;Rausher 1996;Kause et al 1999aKause et al , 2001Martel et al 2001;Riipi et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of increased content of leaf surface flavonoids on the performance of mountain birch feeding sawflies vary for early and late season species

et al. 2006

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The effects of artificially added flavonoid aglycones to birch leaf surfaces on the larval performance of six species of leaf-chewing sawflies were investigated. Significantly negative effects of increased contents of both total flavonoid and individually fed flavonoid compounds were found for the larval performance of certain mid to late and late, but not early season, sawfly species. Species-specific variations in the quantity of faecal flavonoid glycosides, which were examined to investigate whether effective glycosylation of foliar flavonoid aglycones in larvae correlated with varying tolerance to these compounds, also yielded significant species-specific differences between early and late season species. The results suggest seasonal adaptations in host plant use by sawflies feeding on mountain birch, such that phenologically earlier species are better adapted to coping with leaf surface flavonoid aglycones, which occur in the highest concentrations in young leaves.

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Variable responses of folivorous sawflies to leaf quality of mountain birch

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Explaining differential herbivory in sun and shade: the case of Aristotelia chilensis saplings

Explaining differential herbivory in sun and shade: the case of Aristotelia chilensis saplings

Plant genetics predicts intra‐annual variation in phytochemistry and arthropod community structure

Effects of increased content of leaf surface flavonoids on the performance of mountain birch feeding sawflies vary for early and late season species

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