Variable resistance training versus traditional weight training on the reflex pathway following four weeks of leg press training

Smith, Cory M.; Housh, Terry J.; Hill, Ethan C.; Keller, Joshua L.; Anders, John Paul V.; Johnson, Glen O.; Schmidt, Richard J.

doi:10.1080/08990220.2019.1659238

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Their results showed that warming up with VRT was more beneficial in improving subsequent 1RM performance. A recent study by Smith et al [ 9 ] reported that VRT showed shorter electrochemical (reflex-EMDE-M) and mechanical (reflex-EMDM-F) activities after four weeks of training. These studies also support the opinion that VRT training can improve neuromuscular adaptation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VRT facilitates different weight loads and helps to overcome the sticking point during resistance training. VRT can reduce skeletal muscle resistance in the weakest area of motion, provide greater resistance in areas with more strength, and get closer to human strength curves to make the muscles function over a broader range [ 9 ]. As a result, VRT has the potential to increase motor unit recruitment and firing rates and improve training benefits [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Variable-Resistance Training Versus Constant-Resistance Training on Maximum Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Lin

Hong

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Greater muscular strength is generally associated with superior sports performance, for example, in jumping, sprinting, and throwing. This meta-analysis aims to compare the effects of variable-resistance training (VRT) and constant-resistance training (CRT) on the maximum strength of trained and untrained subjects. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched to identify relevant studies published up to January 2022. Fourteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were used for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Data regarding training status, training modality, and type of outcome measure were extracted for the analyses. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The pooled outcome showed improved maximum strength with VRT, which was significantly higher than that with CRT (ES = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.42–1.19) for all the subjects. In addition, trained subjects experienced greater maximum-strength improvements with VRT than with CRT (ES = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.22–0.93). Based on subgroup analyses, maximum-strength improvement with a VRT load of ≥80% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) was significantly higher than that with CRT (ES = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.37–1.16) in trained subjects, while no significant differences were found between VRT and CRT for maximum-strength improvement when the load was <80% (ES = 0.00; 95% CI: −0.55–0.55). The untrained subjects also achieved greater maximum strength with VRT than with CRT (ES = 1.34; 95% CI: 0.28–2.40). Interestingly, the improved maximum strength of untrained subjects with a VRT load of <80% of 1RM was significantly higher than that with CRT (ES = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.39–3.36); however, no significant differences were noted between VRT and CRT when the load was ≥80% of 1RM (ES = −0.04; 95% CI: −0.89–0.81). Our findings show that subjects with resistance training experience could use a load of ≥80% of 1RM and subjects without resistance training experience could use a load of <80% of 1RM to obtain greater VRT benefits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Variable-Resistance Training Versus Constant-Resistance Training on Maximum Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Lin

Hong

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Before participation, all subjects were provided information regarding the risks and benefits of the study as outlined within the written informed consent. This study was approved by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln institutional ethical review board (IRB#:20180818553 EP) (39) and performed in agreement with the ethical principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Neuromuscular Response Patterns After 4 Weeks of Leg Press Training During Isokinetic Leg Extensions

Salmon

Housh

Hill

et al. 2022

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Salmon, OF, Housh, TJ, Hill, EC, Keller, JL, Anders, JPV, Johnson, GO, Schmidt, RJ, and Smith, CM. Changes in neuromuscular response patterns after 4 weeks of leg press training during isokinetic leg extensions. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): e405–e412, 2023—The purpose of this study was to identify velocity-specific changes in electromyographic root mean square (EMG RMS), EMG frequency (EMG MPF), mechanomyographic RMS (MMG RMS), and MMG MPF during maximal unilateral isokinetic muscle actions performed at 60° and 240°·s−1 velocities within the right and left vastus lateralis (VL) after 4 weeks of dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) bilateral leg press training. Twelve resistance-trained men (age: mean ± SD = 21.4 ± 3.6 years) visited the laboratory 3d·wk−1 to perform resistance training consisting of 3 sets of 10 DCER leg presses. Four, three-way analysis of variance were performed to evaluate changes in neuromuscular responses (EMG RMS, EMG MPF, MMG RMS, and MMG MPF) from the right and left VL during 1 single-leg maximal isokinetic leg extension performed at 60° and 240°·s−1 before and after 4 weeks of DCER leg press training (p < 0.05). The results indicated a 36% increase in EMG RMS for the right leg, as well as a 23% increase in MMG RMS and 10% decrease in MMG MPF after training, collapsed across velocity and leg. In addition, EMG RMS was 65% greater in the right leg than the left leg following training, whereas EMG MPF was 11% greater for the left leg than the right leg throughout training. Thus, 4 weeks of DCER leg press training provides sufficient stimuli to alter the neuromuscular activation process of the VL but not velocity-specific neuromuscular adaptations in trained males.

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“…Recent findings show that most people do weight training aimed at increasing muscle mass so that their body shape mirrors athletic looks [14]. However, the most important reason for one's body to exercise is to gain physical fitness [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of the Weight Training Method and Rest Interval on VO<sub>2</sub> max, Flexibility, Muscle Strength, Muscular Endurance, and Fat Percentage in Students

Yuniana¹,

Tomoliyus²,

Kushartanti³

et al. 2023

saj

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Variable resistance training versus traditional weight training on the reflex pathway following four weeks of leg press training

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Variable-Resistance Training Versus Constant-Resistance Training on Maximum Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effects of Variable-Resistance Training Versus Constant-Resistance Training on Maximum Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Changes in Neuromuscular Response Patterns After 4 Weeks of Leg Press Training During Isokinetic Leg Extensions

The Effectiveness of the Weight Training Method and Rest Interval on VO<sub>2</sub> max, Flexibility, Muscle Strength, Muscular Endurance, and Fat Percentage in Students

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