Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling

Fraser, Stuart; Wood, Nathan J.; Johnston, David; Leonard, Graham S.; Greening, P. D.; Rossetto, Tiziana

doi:10.5194/nhess-14-2975-2014

Cited by 60 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Evacuation time contains two main stages: Pre-movement time, and Travel time [45,46], as shown in Equation (7).…”

Section: Evacuation Time Under the Original Status Of The Roommentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Fire Safety of an Existing Green Building due to Natural Ventilation

Hong

et al. 2016

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In recent years, natural ventilation technology is extensively used in order to improve indoor environment quality and reduce power consumption of air-conditioning systems in green buildings. However, the effect of natural ventilation on fires needs to be evaluated carefully, and how to make these energy-saving buildings safe is a topic worth studying. This study uses Fire Dynamics Simulator on some fire safety enhancement measures for an existing green building without installation of a smoke exhaust system. Since the building is located on a school campus, it does not require a smoke exhaust system according to Taiwan fire regulations. Referential results, obtained after a series of improvement strategies are tested, show that kiln natural ventilation can generate a comfortable air flow. Unfortunately, due to the stack effect, hot air and fatal smoke are blown into the evacuation route area behind the room when a fire occurs. The findings showed that there are two feasible improvement measures, "controlling the off state of each air inlet" and "setting up an exhaust port in the rear of room", which can effectively resolve the fire safety issues; the construction of which can be undertaken at a reasonable cost.

show abstract

“…Evacuation time contains two main stages: Pre-movement time, and Travel time [45,46], as shown in Equation (7).…”

Section: Evacuation Time Under the Original Status Of The Roommentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Fire Safety of an Existing Green Building due to Natural Ventilation

Hong

et al. 2016

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…dos Guillard-Gonçalves et al, 2015), and on census data, which mainly indicate the night-time distribution of the population (e.g. Aubrecht et al, 2013;Fraser et al, 2014;Tavares and Santos, 2014). For this reason some authors tried to evaluate the population fluctuation (daily, seasonal, historical) in order to assess the distribution of exposed people (e.g.…”

Section: Assessment Of Population Exposure -State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing population exposure for landslide risk analysis using dasymetric cartography

Garcia

Oliveira

Zêzere³

2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Assessing the number and locations of exposed people is a crucial step in landslide risk management and emergency planning. The available population statistical data frequently have insufficient detail for an accurate assessment of potentially exposed people to hazardous events, mainly when they occur at the local scale, such as with landslides. The present study aims to apply dasymetric cartography to improving population spatial resolution and to assess the potentially exposed population. An additional objective is to compare the results with those obtained with a more common approach that uses, as spatial units, basic census units, which are the best spatial data disaggregation and detailed information available for regional studies in Portugal. Considering the Portuguese census data and a layer of residential building footprint, which was used as ancillary information, the number of exposed inhabitants differs significantly according to the approach used. When the census unit approach is used, considering the three highest landslide susceptible classes, the number of exposed inhabitants is in general overestimated. Despite the associated uncertainties of a general cost-benefit analysis, the presented methodology seems to be a reliable approach for gaining a first approximation of a more detailed estimation of exposed people. The approach based on dasymetric cartography allows the spatial resolution of population over large areas to be increased and enables the use of detailed landslide susceptibility maps, which are valuable for improving the exposed population assessment.

show abstract

“…Therefore, studies on the changes in rice distribution resulting from high temperature exposure, and changes under different representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios, can directly reflect the severity of high temperature hazards that rice may face in the future. In addition, the study of this topic can help prevent and reduce the risk of rice yield losses, which is of great significance to world food security [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Spatial Distributions of and Trends in Rice Exposure to High Temperature

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the effects of global warming, extreme temperature events are posing a great threat to crop yields, especially to temperature-sensitive crops such as rice. In the context of disaster risk theory, exposure is central to disaster prevention and reduction. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of crop exposure is essential to better reduce disaster effects. By combining the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) and a multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), this paper analyzed the global distribution and change in rice exposure to high temperature. The results showed the future states of rice after exposure to high temperatures. Our results are: (1) the areas of potential rice distribution zones decreased within the representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios RCP2.6 to RCP8.5 in MaxEnt, where the long-term (2061–2080) decreases are greater than those seen in the medium term (2041–2060). (2) In the future, the number of high temperature hazards in potential rice distribution areas increased. In the RCP8.5 scenario, the intensities of global high temperature hazards on rice were reduced because the total area of potential rice distribution zones decreased. (3) Through the view of barycenter shift, the barycenter of the global potential rice and high temperature hazard distributions showed a trend of backward motion, which meant the global rice exposure to high temperature was in a downward trend. With the background of global change, this paper has great significance for the mitigation of high temperature risk in rice and its effect on the potential security of future global rice production. Future research is warranted to concentrate on discussing more socioeconomic factors and increasing rice exposure change from the temporal vision.

show abstract

Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling

Cited by 60 publications

References 32 publications

Enhancement of Fire Safety of an Existing Green Building due to Natural Ventilation

Enhancement of Fire Safety of an Existing Green Building due to Natural Ventilation

Assessing population exposure for landslide risk analysis using dasymetric cartography

Global Spatial Distributions of and Trends in Rice Exposure to High Temperature

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About