Variability of the Pacific‐Derived Arctic Water Over the Southeastern Wandel Sea Shelf (Northeast Greenland) in 2015–2016

Dmitrenko, Igor; Kirillov, Sergei; Rudels, Bert; Babb, David G.; Myers, Paul G.; Stedmon, Colin A.; Bendtsen, Jørgen; Ehn, Jens K.; Pedersen, Leif Toudal; Rysgaard, Søren; Barber, David G.

doi:10.1029/2018jc014567

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…This assumption defines how Greenland discharge is added in the model, injected at the surface level then mixed into a 10 m thick layer. This approach is common in the present generation of ocean models at this horizontal scale, such as in Castro de la Guardia et al (2015) and Dukhovskoy et al (2016). Observations (Beaird et al, 2017(Beaird et al, , 2018 have shown that freshwater may not only be at the surface but be mixed and entrained with ambient waters and find a neutral buoyancy at depth.…”

Section: Control Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meltwater originating off the southwestern coast of the GrIS has been shown to circulate into the interior of the Labrador Sea (Gillard et al, 2016;Böning et al, 2016;Luo et al, 2016;Dukhovskoy et al, 2016). The Labrador Sea convection region is sensitive to changes in buoyancy, a balance between heat loss and freshwater input (Aagaard and Carmack, 1989;Straneo, 2006;Weijer et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drivers for Atlantic-origin waters abutting Greenland

Gillard

Myers

et al. 2020

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. The oceanic heat available in Greenland’s troughs is dependent on the geographic location of the trough, the water origin, and how the water is impacted by local processes along the pathway to the trough. This study investigates the spatial pattern and quantity of the warm water (with a temperature greater −1.5 ∘C) brought to the shelf and into the troughs abutting the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). An increase in ocean heat in these troughs may drive a retreat of the GrIS. Warm water that is exchanged from the trough into the fjord may influence the melt on the marine-terminating glaciers. Several regional ocean model experiments were used to study regional differences in heat transport through troughs. Results showed that warm water extends north into Baffin Bay, reaching as far north as the Melville Bay troughs. Melville Bay troughs experienced warming following 2009. From 2004 to 2006, model experiments captured an increase in onshore heat flux in the Disko Bay trough, coinciding with the timing of the disintegration of Jakobshavn Isbrae's floating tongue and observed ocean heat increase in Disko Bay. The seasonality of the maximum onshore heat flux differs due to distance away from the Irminger Sea. Ocean temperatures near the northwestern coast and southeastern coast respond differently to changes in meltwater from Greenland and high-frequency atmospheric phenomena. With a doubling of the GrIS meltwater, Baffin Bay troughs transported ∼20 % more heat towards the coast. Fewer storms resulted in a doubling of onshore heat through Helheim Glacier's trough. These results demonstrate the regional variability of onshore heat transport through troughs and its potential implications to the GrIS.

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Section: Control Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers for Atlantic-origin waters abutting Greenland

Gillard

Myers

et al. 2020

The Cryosphere

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“…Recently, contribution of sea-ice meltwater to the surface water of the Nordic Seas was evaluated by an in situ threechannel fluorometer (Makarewicz et al, 2018). In addition, Pacific water outflow from the Arctic Ocean, which contains high levels of FOM H , was determined in the southeastern Wandel Sea Shelf, northeast Greenland, with an in situ fluorometer (Dmitrenko et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Water Masses in the Shelf Region of the Bering and Chukchi Seas With Fluorescent Organic Matter

et al. 2019

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Pacific water is an important nutrient source for sustaining biological production in the Chukchi Sea, western Arctic Ocean, which is one of the productive regions in the world. Therefore, to understand the impacts of future environmental changes on biological production in the sea, it is crucial to understand the origins, modification processes, and spatiotemporal variations of the water masses from the Bering Sea with changes in nutrient concentrations. To improve water mass analysis in the shelf regions of the Bering and Chukchi Seas, we observed levels of humic-like fluorescent organic matter (FOM H ) by using an in situ fluorometer directly connected to a temperature-salinity sensor during a cruise in the early summer of 2013 and evaluated the potential of FOM H as a third parameter of water mass analysis. The levels of FOM H were different among specific water masses in the region, and FOM H seemed to behave semiconservatively in the shelf regions of the Bering and Chukchi Seas during the early summer of 2013. The distributional pattern of FOM H implies that FOM H estimated by the in situ fluorometer has the potential to (1) separate warm water into riverine-affected Alaskan Coastal Water and historically photobleached summer Bering Basin Water; (2) distinguish the Anadyr Water, which has low FOM H levels and high nutrient concentrations, from the Bering Shelf Water; and (3) determine different formation/modification processes of dense shelf water that contains high nutrient concentrations. Plain Language Summary The continental shelves of the northern Bering Sea and the ChukchiSea are known to be the area characterized by a high abundance of organisms from phytoplankton to marine mammals and seabirds. Such a high density of marine organisms is sustained by intensive primary production induced by inputs of enough nutrients. The inputs of nutrients to the region are possibly sensitive to climate change. To project future changes in nutrient supply to the region, the present mechanism of nutrient supply should be quantitatively understood. To date, however, the mechanism is poorly determined because the origin and modification of water masses that convey nutrients have not been well understood. This study measured humic-like fluorescent organic matter, products during the decay and transformation of biogenic remains, in addition to temperature and salinity by in situ sensors to characterize the water masses in the shelf region of the Bering and Chukchi Seas during the early summer of 2013. The levels were clearly different among water masses defined by temperature and salinity and characterized by different concentrations of nutrients, indicating that humic-like fluorescent organic matter is useful to refine the water masses in the region for quantitative understanding of the mechanism of nutrient supply.

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“…Upwelling winds also cause intense mixing of a river plume with subjacent saline sea due to increased velocity shear and an Ekman straining mechanism [58,63]. Therefore, upwelling events along coastal areas influenced by freshwater discharge significantly affect spreading and mixing of river plumes, as well as the local nutrient cycle, biological consumption, food webs, and biological productivity [56,[64][65][66][67][68].Many previous works addressed wind-driven coastal upwelling events in the Arctic Ocean [19,[69][70][71][72][73][74]. However, interaction between river plumes and coastal upwelling in the Arctic Ocean remain mainly unstudied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many previous works addressed wind-driven coastal upwelling events in the Arctic Ocean [19,[69][70][71][72][73][74]. However, interaction between river plumes and coastal upwelling in the Arctic Ocean remain mainly unstudied.…”

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confidence: 99%

Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling near Large River Deltas in the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas

2020

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The Lena, Kolyma, and Indigirka rivers are among the largest rivers that inflow to the Arctic Ocean. Their discharges form a freshened surface water mass over a wide area in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas and govern many local physical, geochemical, and biological processes. In this study we report coastal upwelling events that are regularly manifested on satellite imagery by increased sea surface turbidity and decreased sea surface temperature at certain areas adjacent to the Lena Delta in the Laptev Sea and the Kolyma and Indigirka deltas in the East-Siberian Sea. These events are formed under strong easterly and southeasterly wind forcing and are estimated to occur during up to 10%-30% of ice-free periods at the study region. Coastal upwelling events induce intense mixing of the Lena, Kolyma, and Indigirka plumes with subjacent saline sea. These plumes are significantly transformed and diluted while spreading over the upwelling areas; therefore, their salinity and depths abruptly increase, while stratification abruptly decreases in the vicinity of their sources. This feature strongly affects the structure of the freshened surface layer during ice-free periods and, therefore, influences circulation, ice formation, and many other processes at the Laptev and East-Siberian seas.Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 844 2 of 25 seas and are among the largest freshwater reservoirs in the Arctic Ocean [17][18][19][20]. Spreading and transformation of these river plumes determine vertical stratification and, therefore, strongly affect circulation and ice formation in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas, as well as many other physical, geochemical, and biological processes [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].In this study we focus on upwelling events which regularly occur at coastal areas adjacent to the deltas of the Lena, Kolyma, and Indigirka rivers. Surface manifestations of these upwelling events are visible on ocean color satellite imagery due to elevated turbidity and on sea surface temperature (SST) satellite imagery due to reduced temperature. However, correct identification of the origin of SST and turbidity features observed on satellite imagery is not a straightforward task. SST features in the study region are formed as a result of interaction between water masses with different temperature, namely, warm river plumes and cold saline sea water, and are associated with spreading of river plumes, mixing of surface layer with subjacent sea, and ice melting. Areas of elevated sea surface turbidity in coastal and shelf regions are commonly associated with four different processes: spreading of turbid river plumes, coastal erosion, resuspension of bottom sediments penetrated to sea surface, and algal blooms [33]. The first three processes are common features of the Laptev and East-Siberian seas [25,27,34,35], while algal blooms do not occur in these seas [32,[36][37][38]. Turbid regions associated with river plumes are adjacent to river estuaries and deltas. Spatial and temporal variability of these regions is def...

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Variability of the Pacific‐Derived Arctic Water Over the Southeastern Wandel Sea Shelf (Northeast Greenland) in 2015–2016

Cited by 10 publications

References 75 publications

Drivers for Atlantic-origin waters abutting Greenland

Drivers for Atlantic-origin waters abutting Greenland

Characterization of the Water Masses in the Shelf Region of the Bering and Chukchi Seas With Fluorescent Organic Matter

Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling near Large River Deltas in the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas

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