Variability of the Indian summer monsoon in relation to oceanic heat budget over the Indian seas

Prediction of winter precipitation over northwest India using ocean heat fluxes

“…Further, ocean heat fluxes serve as lower boundary conditions for the atmosphere and upper boundary conditions for the ocean in driving large-scale ocean-atmosphere coupled processes (Manabe et al 1975). Earlier studies also highlighted the role of ocean heat fluxes on summer monsoon rainfall over the Indian sub-continent during different epochs (Pisharoty 1965;Das 1983;Mohanty et al 1983Mohanty et al , 1994Mohanty et al , 1996Mohanty and Mohan Kumar 1990;Mohanty and Ramesh 1993). The transfer of surface heat and moisture fluxes from the ocean surface to the atmosphere that determines the mass and wind fields exhibited significant variability over the Indian seas between the extreme categories of the monsoon (flood and drought) (Mohanty and Ramesh 1993).…”

“…The seasonal mean of winter VIMT (in kg/m-s) is computed by using specific humidity (q in kg/kg), zonal (u in m/s) and meridional (v in m/s) components of wind integrated from 1000 to 300 hPa for the study period 1980-2011 (Mohanty et al 1983(Mohanty et al , 1994(Mohanty et al , 1996Godfred-Spenning and Reason 2002;Konwar et al 2012). The VIMT closely resembles the large-scale wind circulation in the lower troposphere (~850 hPa) along with transport vector at 850 hPa pressure level, which is illustrated in Fig.…”

Air-Sea Flux Exchange over the Xisha Sea Area Before and After the Onset of Southwest Monsoon in 2002

“…In this table, it can be found that SST increases at a rate of 0.5 • C per every ten days in the period from the first ten days of April to the middle ten days of May. Until monsoon onset (the middle ten days of May), SST attains the maximum of 29.94 • C. After monsoon onset (the last ten days of May), SST descends to 29.88 • C. In the monsoon break period, SST rises again up to 29.97 • C. After the middle ten days of June, SST descends to 29.74 • C. Table 6 Comparison between Arabian Sea (MONEX-79) [16] Table 5 shows that the general tendency, is essentially identical in the three seas after monsoon onsets, in terms of the net short wave radiation decrease, the sensible heat increase and net heat income drop, but the latent heat flux in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea is obviously greater than that of the South China Sea. As a result, the net ocean heat income even shows negative value, and SST descends more obviously.…”

An Extreme Drought Event in the 2002 Summer Monsoon Rainfall and its Mechanism Proved with a Moisture Flux Analysis

“…In a series of studies, Mohanty et al (1983Mohanty et al ( , 1994Mohanty et al ( , 2002 tried to establish the relation of moisture and surface heat budget over the Indian seas to the Indian summer monsoon. A contrast is made on meteorological fields over the Indian seas between the extreme monsoon years (wet vs. dry) based on monthly reanalysis data sets of the last 42 years by (Mohanty et al 2002).…”

“…2). Since the moisture for the ISMR are being carried into the Indian Peninsula along the Arabian Sea (Mohanty et al 1983(Mohanty et al , 1994, this divergence has to be examined, which may in turn provide a connection between the aforementioned equatorial anomalies to the ISMR. In addition, the extreme drought of 2002 (which belongs to a negative EQUINOO period with a favorable phase of ENSO) fuels our motivation on this hypothesis.…”