Variability of gB and gH genes of human herpesvirus‐6 among clinical specimens

Achour, Abla; Malet, Isabelle; Gal, Frédéric Le; Dehée, Axelle; Gautheret‐Dejean, Agnès; Bonnafous, Pascale; Agut, Henri

doi:10.1002/jmv.21205

Cited by 32 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As mentioned above, HHV-6A and HHV-6B DNAs exhibit clear specific differences which are scattered throughout the genome and permit their easy recognition, without any ambiguity. These specific signatures concern the rather variable genes of immediate early region 1 (IE1) as well as the highly conserved genes for glycoproteins B (gB) and H (gH) and the U94 product (29)(30)(31). Some of the HHV-6A ORFs are thought to have no HHV-6B counterpart and vice versa, although the prediction of functional ORFs often remains debatable in the absence of relevant experimental investigations.…”

Section: Genome and Genetic Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections

2015

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SUMMARY Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a widespread betaherpesvirus which is genetically related to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and now encompasses two different species: HHV-6A and HHV-6B. HHV-6 exhibits a wide cell tropism in vivo and, like other herpesviruses, induces a lifelong latent infection in humans. As a noticeable difference with respect to other human herpesviruses, genomic HHV-6 DNA is covalently integrated into the subtelomeric region of cell chromosomes (ciHHV-6) in about 1% of the general population. Although it is infrequent, this may be a confounding factor for the diagnosis of active viral infection. The diagnosis of HHV-6 infection is performed by both serologic and direct methods. The most prominent technique is the quantification of viral DNA in blood, other body fluids, and organs by means of real-time PCR. Many active HHV-6 infections, corresponding to primary infections, reactivations, or exogenous reinfections, are asymptomatic. However, the virus may be the cause of serious diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. As emblematic examples of HHV-6 pathogenicity, exanthema subitum, a benign disease of infancy, is associated with primary infection, whereas further virus reactivations can induce severe encephalitis cases, particularly in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Generally speaking, the formal demonstration of the causative role of HHV-6 in many acute and chronic human diseases is difficult due to the ubiquitous nature of the virus, chronicity of infection, existence of two distinct species, and limitations of current investigational tools. The antiviral compounds ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir are effective against active HHV-6 infections, but the indications for treatment, as well as the conditions of drug administration, are not formally approved to date. There are still numerous pending questions about HHV-6 which should stimulate future research works on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of this remarkable human virus.

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Section: Genome and Genetic Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections

2015

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“…Where applicable, nucleotide sequences were retrieved from amplicons by Sanger sequencing by a genetic analyser (model 3500; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California, USA), using BigDye ® Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing kits. The amplicons were obtained using previously published protocols (36,37).…”

Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Neurotropic Viruses in Malignant Glioma and Their Onco-Modulatory Potential

Strojnik

Duh

Lah

2017

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“…The choice of U94 to confirm the source of the reactivated HHV-6 is also somewhat questionable, as this gene is among the most conserved (Ͼ95%) between the two variants. There are several HHV-6 variant discriminatory genes, such as the gH, gB, or U90 genes, that would have unquestionably identified the source of the reactivated HHV-6 transmitted to Molt3 cells (2,32,46). More studies will be necessary to confirm CIHHV-6 reactivation and to elucidate the associated mechanisms.…”

Section: Chromosomal Integration Of Hhv-6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpesviruses and Chromosomal Integration

Morissette

Flamand

2010

J Virol

203

164

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Herpesviruses are members of a diverse family of viruses that colonize all vertebrates from fish to mammals. Although more than one hundred herpesviruses exist, all are nearly identical architecturally, with a genome consisting of a linear double-stranded DNA molecule (100 to 225 kbp) protected by an icosahedral capsid made up of 162 hollow-centered capsomeres, a tegument surrounding the nucleocapsid, and a viral envelope derived from host membranes. Upon infection, the linear viral DNA is delivered to the nucleus, where it circularizes to form the viral episome. Depending on several factors, the viral cycle can proceed either to a productive infection or to a state of latency. In either case, the viral genetic information is maintained as extrachromosomal circular DNA. Interestingly, however, certain oncogenic herpesviruses such as Marek's disease virus and Epstein-Barr virus can be found integrated at low frequencies in the host's chromosomes. These findings have mostly been viewed as anecdotal and considered exceptions rather than properties of herpesviruses. In recent years, the consistent and rather frequent detection (in approximately 1% of the human population) of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) viral DNA integrated into human chromosomes has spurred renewed interest in our understanding of how these viruses infect, replicate, and propagate themselves. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on chromosomal integration by herpesviruses and present the current state of knowledge on integration by HHV-6 with the possible clinical implications associated with viral integration.

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Variability of gB and gH genes of human herpesvirus‐6 among clinical specimens

Cited by 32 publications

References 43 publications

Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections

Laboratory and Clinical Aspects of Human Herpesvirus 6 Infections

Prevalence of Neurotropic Viruses in Malignant Glioma and Their Onco-Modulatory Potential

Herpesviruses and Chromosomal Integration

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