Variability of Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, and Emissions in Scotch Pine Forests of Central Siberia

McRae, Douglas J.; Conard, S. G.; Иванова, Г. А.; Сухинин, А. И.; Baker, Steve; Samsonov, Yu. N.; Blake, Tricia; Иванов, В. А.; Ivanov, A. V.; Churkina, T. V.; Hao, WeiMin; Koutzenogij, K. P.; Kovaleva, N. M.

doi:10.1007/s11027-006-1008-4

Cited by 71 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In stark contrast to North America, Eurasia is dominated by resisters, primarily Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and larch 2,8,9,11,19,24 (Supplementary Table 4 and Supplementary Fig. 8).…”

Section: Species E Ectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spring albedo increases considerably after fire in snow-covered areas, leading to regional cooling 5,6 . Whereas most fires in boreal North America are known to be high-intensity crown fires, most in Eurasia are reported to be surface fires [7][8][9][10][11][12] . Surface fires are expected to have very different impacts as they typically do not kill healthy mature trees and may combust less organic matter 2,8,11,13 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas most fires in boreal North America are known to be high-intensity crown fires, most in Eurasia are reported to be surface fires [7][8][9][10][11][12] . Surface fires are expected to have very different impacts as they typically do not kill healthy mature trees and may combust less organic matter 2,8,11,13 . Regional fire dynamics may relate to the distribution of speciesspecific fire traits 2,12,14 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fire resisters often have thick bark, which protects their cambium and increases their chances of surviving fire 19,20 . Fires tend to be relatively frequent in resister forests, partly owing to low fire-induced mortality 8,9,11 . Fire avoiders, on the other hand, lack fire-adapted traits and tend to occupy wetter environments where fires are infrequent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of tree species on continental differences in boreal fires and climate feedbacks

et al. 2015

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“…In stark contrast to North America, Eurasia is dominated by resisters, primarily Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and larch 2,8,9,11,19,24 (Supplementary Table 4 and Supplementary Fig. 8).…”

Section: Species E Ectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of tree species on continental differences in boreal fires and climate feedbacks

et al. 2015

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“…Another possibility would be that the savanna-like woodland states would represent a transient recovery phase from disturbances such as fire or insect outbreaks. However, the occurrence of the same mode across the two continents would require a synchronized massive disturbance episode for which there is no evidence (15,16). Therefore, it seems likely that the conspicuous modes are the result of a nonlinear response of these ecosystems to environmental conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thresholds for boreal biome transitions

Scheffer¹,

Hirota

Holmgren

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

309

295

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Although the boreal region is warming twice as fast as the global average, the way in which the vast boreal forests and tundras may respond is poorly understood. Using satellite data, we reveal marked alternative modes in the frequency distributions of boreal tree cover. At the northern end and at the dry continental southern extremes, treeless tundra and steppe, respectively, are the only possible states. However, over a broad intermediate temperature range, these treeless states coexist with boreal forest (∼75% tree cover) and with two more open woodland states (∼20% and ∼45% tree cover). Intermediate tree covers (e.g., ∼10%, ∼30%, and ∼60% tree cover) between these distinct states are relatively rare, suggesting that they may represent unstable states where the system dwells only transiently. Mechanisms for such instabilities remain to be unraveled, but our results have important implications for the anticipated response of these ecosystems to climatic change. The data reveal that boreal forest shows no gradual decline in tree cover toward its limits. Instead, our analysis suggests that it becomes less resilient in the sense that it may more easily shift into a sparse woodland or treeless state. Similarly, the relative scarcity of the intermediate ∼10% tree cover suggests that tundra may shift relatively abruptly to a more abundant tree cover. If our inferences are correct, climate change may invoke massive nonlinear shifts in boreal biomes.remote sensing | tipping point | resilience | permafrost | wildfire T he boreal forest is one of the most extensive biomes on Earth.Together with tundra, it is warming more rapidly than other biomes-approximately twice as fast as the global average (1). Warming has already caused extensive thawing of permafrost, accompanied with changes in hydrology, which are likely driving changes in vegetation, wildfires, and insect outbreaks (2, 3). Despite these major changes, the potential response of boreal systems to further climate change is poorly understood. One of the big questions is whether boreal biomes will change gradually, as assumed by most dynamic vegetation models (4, 5), or might have tipping points where changing conditions can invoke critical transitions.Many factors, including fire, insects, climate, permafrost, and human land use, play a role in vegetation dynamics in the boreal region (2, 3, 6, 7). However, although detailed studies have revealed separate mechanisms, an understanding of large-scale stability properties and dynamics cannot easily be constructed from these separate elements. To address the question of potential critical transitions, we therefore complement the existing studies by analyzing the distribution of tree cover densities on continental scales. Tree cover is admittedly a rather crude descriptor of the vegetation state. However, it is one of the most defining characteristics not only for the structure of the landscape, but also for functional characteristics such as carbon storage and albedo.Our central goal is to determine whether the frequ...

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Effects of short‐interval disturbances continue to accumulate, overwhelming variability in local resilience

Hayes

Buma

2021

Ecosphere

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Increasing rates of short-interval disturbances have the potential to rapidly transform ecosystems via shifts in post-disturbance regeneration. While research has explored compound events in multiple biomes, we know little regarding how local site conditions interact with short-interval disturbances to influence post-disturbance regeneration. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the consequences of continued high frequency events: What happens when emerging new communities are themselves subject to short-interval disturbances? To investigate effects of ongoing short-interval fires on regeneration, we examined post-fire forest regeneration in two locations in interior Alaska. We established 50 plots across a mosaic of fire histories (one, two, or three fires in <70 yr) in an upland and lowland site in interior Alaska. To investigate how shifts in community driven by short-interval fires differ according to local site conditions, we quantified abundance, proportion, and density of conifer and deciduous regeneration in a drier upland site and a wetter lowland site. Both sites were dominated by black spruce prior to burning. In the drier upland site, black spruce (Picea mariana) presence declined sharply after two fires, while paper birch (Betula neoalaskana) became increasingly abundant with each additional fire. In the wetter lowland site, less organic soil was consumed by fire and presence of black spruce persisted through an initial single reburn (two fires), indicating local topography may temporarily buffer reburning impacts. However, after three burns, conifers were effectively eliminated in both upland and lowland stands. Deciduous regeneration differed with site: Birch dominated in upland plots, while willow (Salix spp.) and aspen (Populus tremuloides) dominated in lowlands. These results offer strong empirical evidence of the divergence of boreal successional trajectories from previous historic norms. Furthermore, results from this study demonstrate shifts in post-fire succession in forested ecosystems continue to accumulate with additional short-interval disturbance events, overwhelming the interactive effects of local site conditions.

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Variability of Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, and Emissions in Scotch Pine Forests of Central Siberia

Abstract: aerosols, carbon, emissions, FIRE BEAR Project, fire regimes, forest fire behavior, Scotch pine, Siberia,

Cited by 71 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of tree species on continental differences in boreal fires and climate feedbacks

Influence of tree species on continental differences in boreal fires and climate feedbacks

Thresholds for boreal biome transitions

Effects of short‐interval disturbances continue to accumulate, overwhelming variability in local resilience

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