Variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow after the Chi-Chi earthquake in central Taiwan, China

Shieh, Chjeng-Lun; Chen, Y. S.; Tsai, Yi Yu; Wu, Jian Hong

doi:10.1016/s1001-6279(09)60025-1

Cited by 138 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Many previous studies reported similar decreases in both the maximum rainfall intensity and critical cumulative rainfall required to trigger mass movements after the Chi-Chi earthquake. As observed in this study, these values gradually returned to preearthquake conditions after several years (Lin et al 2003;Shieh et al 2009;Chen 2011).…”

Section: Rainfall Conditions and I-d Thresholdssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Interestingly, the number and magnitude of rainfall-induced mass movements increased after the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake because slopes became more vulnerable (Chang and Slaymaker 2002;Dadson et al 2004;Cheng et al 2005), which reduced both the maximum rainfall intensity and critical cumulative rainfall required to trigger mass movements (Lin et al 2003;Shieh et al 2009;Chen 2011). …”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainfall intensity–duration conditions for mass movements in Taiwan

Chen

Saitô

Oguchi

2015

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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Mass movements caused by rainfall events in Taiwan are analyzed during a 7-year period from 2006 to 2012. Data from the Taiwan Soil and Water Conservation Bureau reports were compiled for 263 mass movement events, including 156 landslides, 91 debris flows, and 16 events with both landslides and debris flows. Rainfall totals for each site location were obtained from interpolated rain gauge data. The rainfall intensity-duration (I-D) relationship was examined to establish a rainfall threshold for mass movements using random sampling: I = 18.10(±2.67)D −0.17(±0.04) , where I is mean rainfall intensity (mm/h) and D is the time (h) between the beginning of a rainfall event and the resulting mass movement. Significant differences were found between rainfall intensities and thresholds for landslides and debris flows. For short-duration rainfall events, higher mean rainfall intensities were required to trigger debris flows. In contrast, for long-duration rainfall events, similar mean rainfall intensities triggered both landslides and debris flows. Mean rainfall intensity was rescaled by mean annual precipitation (MAP) to define a new threshold: I MAP = 0.0060(±0.0009)D −0.17(±0.04) , where I MAP is rescaled rainfall intensity and MAP is the minimum for mountainous areas in Taiwan (3000 mm). Although the I-D threshold for Taiwan is high, the I MAP -D threshold for Taiwan tends to be low relative to other areas around the world. Our results indicate that Taiwan is highly prone to rainfall-induced mass movements. This study also shows that most mass movements occur in high rainfall-intensity periods, but some events occur before or after the rainfall peak. Both antecedent and peak rainfall play important roles in triggering landslides, whereas debris flow occurrence is more related to peak rainfall than antecedent rainfall.

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Section: Rainfall Conditions and I-d Thresholdssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall intensity–duration conditions for mass movements in Taiwan

Chen

Saitô

Oguchi

2015

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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“…For example, studies focused on the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in central Taiwan found that the vegetation was recovering; in particular, the vegetation restoration rate, two years after the earthquake, was high [27,28], and they documented that soil moisture is one of the most important environmental factors affecting vegetation recovery in the landslide sites in the Jou-Jou Mountain area, Taiwan [17,27]. In addition, Shieh et al found that the rainfall threshold for debris flow was remarkably lower just after the Chi-Chi Earthquake, but gradually recovered [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Earthquake-Damaged Vegetation after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in the Mountainous River Basins, Dujiangyan County

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake destroyed large areas of vegetation in the Baisha River and Longxi River basins, in Dujiangyan County, China. There were several debris flow events in these mountainous river basins after 2008. Currently, these damaged vegetation areas are in various stages of recovery. This recovery vegetation improves the resistance of slopes to both surficial erosion and mass wasting. We introduce a probabilistic approach to determining the relationships between damaged vegetation and slope materials' stability, and model the sediment and flow (hydrological) connectivity index to detect the hydrological changes in a given river basin, using the multi-temporal remote-sensing images to monitor the vegetation recovery processes. Our results demonstrated that the earthquake-damaged vegetation areas have coupling relationships with topographic environment and slope material properties, and can be used to assess the slope material stability. Further, our analysis results showed that the areas with horizontal distance to river OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2015, 7 6809 streams <500 m are areas that actively contribute sediment to the stream channel network, and are main material sources for debris flow processes in one given mountainous basin.

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“…The triggering rainfall threshold for debris flows significantly decreased after the Chi-Chi Earthquake in Taiwan (Shieh et al, 2009). Tang and Liang (2008) came to a similar conclusion after conducting field investigation and statistic analyses of debris flows that occurred in the Beichuan County on 24 September 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flows after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China

Zhang

et al. 2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

160

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Abstract. From 12 to 14 August 2010, heavy rainstorms occurred in the Sichuan province in SW China in areas which were affected by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, inducing catastrophic debris flows. This disaster is named as "the 8.13 debris flows". The results of the research presented in this paper show that the 8.13 debris flows are characterized by a simultaneous occurrence, rapid-onsets, destructive impacts, and disaster chain effects. They are located along the seismic fault, because the source materials mainly originate from loose deposits of landslides which were triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake. The presence of large amounts of these loose materials on the slopes and the development of high intensity rainfall events are the main causes for the formation of these debris flows. The study of the 8.13 debris flows can provide a benchmark for the analysis of the long-term evolution of these debris flows in order to make proper engineering decisions. A flexible drainage system is proposed in this paper as a preventive measure to mitigate the increasing activity of these debris flows in the earthquakeaffected area.

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Variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow after the Chi-Chi earthquake in central Taiwan, China

Cited by 138 publications

References 11 publications

Rainfall intensity–duration conditions for mass movements in Taiwan

Rainfall intensity–duration conditions for mass movements in Taiwan

Monitoring Earthquake-Damaged Vegetation after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in the Mountainous River Basins, Dujiangyan County

The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flows after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China

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