Vapour‐liquid equilibria in ternary systems: II. The system acetone‐chloroform‐benzene

Abstract

In this system the components are completely miscible in the liquid state. T h e boiling points and the equilibria liquid-vapour at a pressure of 760 mm were determined. From the three binary systems only the system acetonechloroform has an azeotropic point, a maximum. The ternary liquid-surface (boiling-point-surface) and the vapour-surface have a rid.ge, going from the maximum on the acetone-chloroform side. at 64.5" C and 78 yo chloroform, to the benzene point at 80.25" C.In a former publication 1 ) dealing with the equilibria between liquid and vapour in ternary systems the authors have given a theoretical discussion of the course of the distillation lines and have demonstrated that in systems, which have a boundary line for simple distillation, a boundary line for rectifying distillation may also occur in some cases. T h e most simple example of such a case is a system in which 1'. 2'.the three components are miscible in all proportions and two of the three binary systems have a boiling point curve with neither a maximum nor a minimum, while that of the third has a maximum, the temperature of which is lower than the boiling point of the third component. In fig. 11 of the above mentioned publication the authors have pointed out the position of the distillation lines in that case.T h e system acetone-chloroform-benzene meets these requirements.So the liquid-vapour equilibria in this system at a pressure of one atmosphere were determined, i.e. the situation of the liquid-surface (the surface which represents the boiling points of the liquid mixtures as a function of their composition) and of the vapour-surface. T h e methods employed and their results will be given in this paper. In a I ) W. R e i n d e r s and Miss C. H. d e M i n j e r , Rec. trav. chim. 59, 207(1940).

Guidelines for the Analysis of Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data

“…We expect the most interesting and relevant comparisons at low concentrations. Indeed, review of Figure shows that the model K -values agree with the data of Kojima et al to within ±5%, but the deviations from the data of Reinders and de Minjer are much larger, suggesting greater uncertainty of the latter data set. The relatively high uncertainty of the Reinders and de Minjer data is likely a consequence of their indirect analytical approach in which the compositions were deduced through measurements of the mixture density and refractive index rather than by direct composition measurements.…”

“…The experimental procedure used by Resa et al. is similar to that of Reinders and de Minjer, and this is further evidence that indirect concentration measurements have poorer accuracy at low concentrations. It is noted here that Resa et al did report activity coefficients, and comparison of calculated to experimental activity coefficients will give a chart equivalent to Figure since vapor-phase nonideality is not important at the low pressure of 101.3 kPa.…”

“…Percentage errors of model K -values of acetone in comparison to the ternary VLE data of Reinders and de Minjer and Kojima et al for the acetone + chloroform + benzene ternary mixture at 101.3 kPa. Figure reprinted with permission from ref .…”

“…The relatively high uncertainty of the Reinders and de Minjer data is likely a consequence of their indirect analytical approach in which the compositions were deduced through measurements of the mixture density and refractive index rather than by direct composition measurements. Kojima et al did not seem to recognize the large uncertainty of the Reinders and de Minjer K-values since their paper simply stated: “The predicted vapor compositions of our parameters agree with Reinders’ data in the accuracy of 0.003 mole fraction on the average;” however, a chart such as Figure renders the conclusion obvious “at a glance.”…”

In situ multi-modal monitoring of solvent vapor swelling in polymer thin films

“…The vapor volume ratio differs from the liquid volume ratio in accordance with the boiling points of each solvent and their interactions, and the behavior seen is consistent with the previous reports. 30,31 Mixed vapors can alternatively be prepared using separate solvent reservoirs. When acetone and chloroform are held in separate containers, the vapor volume ratio of each component can be straightforwardly controlled by varying the volumetric flow in each channel.…”