Vapor phase esterification of levulinic acid over ZrO2/SBA-15 catalyst

Sankar, Enumula Siva; Varkolu, Mohan; Suresh, M.; Saidulu, G.; Raju, B. David; Rao, K. Seshagiri

doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2015.10.013

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…One of the typical routes is the esterification process, involving generally an alcohol and an acid which carried out by solid acid catalysts in heterogeneous conditions which aids in ease of operation, safety and separation. Esterification of levulinic acid reported previously in our group ,. Recently, esterification of levulinic acid with alcohol in batch mode has been reported using Silica‐supported sulfonic acids, Sulfonated carbon nanotubes, sulfuric acid, etc as catalysts and more recently reported by Amin et al.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Vapor Phase Selective Production of Ethyl Lactate over ZrO₂‐SiO₂ Catalysts Using Lactic Acid and Ethanol

et al. 2018

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A series of zirconia‐silica catalysts with different weight % of ZrO2 were prepared by sol‐gel method and tested for the vapor phase production of ethyl lactate via esterification of lactic acid using ethanol. Under the optimized conditions, 99% selectivity to ethyl lactate and complete conversion of lactic acid is observed over 7% ZrO2/SiO2 catalyst at 453 K with 1:15 molar ratio of lactic acid and ethanol. The catalysts were studied for various properties using XRD, FTIR, NH3‐TPD, N2 sorption, Pyridine FT‐IR and UV‐Vis. The results revealed that 7% ZrO2/SiO2 possesses amorphous phase and sufficient number of acidic sites which are helpful in achieving higher activity.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Vapor Phase Selective Production of Ethyl Lactate over ZrO₂‐SiO₂ Catalysts Using Lactic Acid and Ethanol

et al. 2018

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“…The side reactions included dehydration of alcohol in the presence of acid catalyst (Siva Sankar et al 2016;Su et al 2013a), transfer hydrogenation of LA and EL to γ-valerolactone (GVL) (Siva Sankar et al 2016) and dehydration of LA to α-angelica lactone (Enumula et al 2017). Furthermore, it is reported that the increase in catalyst acidity facilitated the side reaction involving dehydration of LA to angelica lactone rather than esterification of LA (Siva Sankar et al 2016). The amounts of other by-products were not further quantified in this study as the main aim is to examine the EL production from LA esterification.…”

Section: Catalyst Screening For Levulinic Acid Esterification With Etmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of Levulinic Acid to Levulinate Esters in the Presence of Sulfated Silica Catalyst

Ramli¹,

Hisham²,

Amin³

2018

JSM

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Levulinic acid (LA) is one of biomass derived building block chemicals with various applications. Catalytic esterification of LA with alkyl alcohol produces levulinate ester which can be applied as fragrance, flavouring agents, as well as fuel additives. In this study, a series of sulfated silica (SiO 2) catalyst was prepared by modification of SiO 2 with sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) at different concentrations; 0.5 M to 5 M H 2 SO 4. The catalysts were characterized, and tested for esterification of LA with ethanol to ethyl levulinate (EL). The effect of various reaction parameters including reaction time, catalyst loading and molar ratio of LA to ethanol on esterification of LA to EL were inspected. The catalyst with high concentration of acid sites seemed suitable for LA esterification to EL. Among the sulfated SiO 2 catalysts tested (0.5 M-SiO 2 , 1 M-SiO 2 , 3 M-SiO 2 and 5 M-SiO 2), 3 M-SiO 2 exhibited the highest performance with the optimum EL yield of 54% for reaction conducted at reflux temperature for 4 h, 30% 3 M-SiO 2 loading and LA to ethanol molar ratio of 1:20. Besides, the reusability of 3 M-SiO 2 catalyst for LA esterification with ethanol was examined for five cycles. Esterification of LA with methanol and 1-butanol were also carried out for methyl levulinate (ML) and butyl levulinate (BL) productions with 69% and 40% of ML and BL yields, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of sulfated SiO 2 catalyst for levulinate ester production from LA at mild process condition.

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“…Additionally MgO/M 2 O 3 (M=Al, Ga, In) shows activity towards the CTH of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes [20]. Very recently, ZrO 2 /SBA-15 has been reported as an efficient catalyst for the CTH of levulinic acid to γ-valero lactone using isopropanol as hydrogen donor [21]. Synthesis of MgO with high surface area using rice grains as template has recently been emerging as one of the best methods for various applications [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metal-Free Hydrogenation of Biomass Derived Furfural into Furfuryl Alcohol Over Carbon–MgO Catalysts in Continuous Mode

et al. 2017

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Vapor phase esterification of levulinic acid over ZrO2/SBA-15 catalyst

Cited by 48 publications

References 36 publications

Vapor Phase Selective Production of Ethyl Lactate over ZrO₂‐SiO₂ Catalysts Using Lactic Acid and Ethanol

Vapor Phase Selective Production of Ethyl Lactate over ZrO₂‐SiO₂ Catalysts Using Lactic Acid and Ethanol

Esterification of Levulinic Acid to Levulinate Esters in the Presence of Sulfated Silica Catalyst

Metal-Free Hydrogenation of Biomass Derived Furfural into Furfuryl Alcohol Over Carbon–MgO Catalysts in Continuous Mode

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Vapor phase esterification of levulinic acid over ZrO2/SBA-15 catalyst

Cited by 48 publications

References 36 publications

Vapor Phase Selective Production of Ethyl Lactate over ZrO2‐SiO2 Catalysts Using Lactic Acid and Ethanol

Vapor Phase Selective Production of Ethyl Lactate over ZrO2‐SiO2 Catalysts Using Lactic Acid and Ethanol

Esterification of Levulinic Acid to Levulinate Esters in the Presence of Sulfated Silica Catalyst

Metal-Free Hydrogenation of Biomass Derived Furfural into Furfuryl Alcohol Over Carbon–MgO Catalysts in Continuous Mode

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Vapor Phase Selective Production of Ethyl Lactate over ZrO₂‐SiO₂ Catalysts Using Lactic Acid and Ethanol

Vapor Phase Selective Production of Ethyl Lactate over ZrO₂‐SiO₂ Catalysts Using Lactic Acid and Ethanol