Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium of Ethyl Lactate Highly Diluted in Ethanol–Water Mixtures at 101.3 kPa. Experimental Measurements and Thermodynamic Modeling Using Semiempirical Models

Abstract

A thermodynamic study of the vapor−liquid equilibrium for the ternary system ethyl lactate−ethanol−water was performed at 101.3 kPa and infinite dilution regarding ethyl lactate, for boiling temperatures ranging from (352.3 to 370.0) K. The experimental measurements were carried out with a recirculation still and the equilibrium compositions of ethyl lactate were determined by gas chromatography. The volatility of ethyl lactate decreases when the ethanol content in the liquid phase is increased. The investigated system was correctly correlated by the NRTL and UNIQUAC models, with an average absolute relative deviation below 10%. The comparison with the results obtained from interaction parameters fitted to experimental data of the binary systems ethyl lactate− ethanol and ethyl lactate−water at 101.3 kPa, proves that the parameters calculated in this work give a better description of the ethyl lactate volatility, a key parameter in distillation, at low concentrations. These latter parameters are therefore recommended for process simulation and optimization in alcoholic beverages production.

Combined Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Prediction of the Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Association Phenomena for Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Water, Ethanoic Acid, and Propanoic Acid

“…In equilibrium, the monomer species, I or J (= A , B , C ), could form association complexes in the vapor or liquid phase, and the mixture could include monomers ( I 1 ), dimers ( I 2 ), and trimers ( I 3 ), which have been authenticated according to the aforementioned theoretical studies. As some examples of this behavior, ethanoic acid is considered to exist as a dimer and tetramer in the vapor phase, while the other group presumes that only dimer and trimer are formed . Moreover, homodimers, trimers, tetramers, and heterodimers were assumed to exist in the propanoic acid system, − and water exists in the forms of dimer, trimer, tetramer, and even higher polymers. − However, we have confirmed that not only monomer, homodimer, and homotrimer exist in the vapor and liquid phase but also heterodimerization occurs between two species I and J ( I ≠ J ), The maximum number of heterodimers M in the system of N components is given by Moreover, we have corroborated that heterotrimerization could take place between two species I and J ( I ≠ J ), No much higher complexes are verified according to the theoretical studies mentioned above. The maximum number of heterotrimers S in the system of N components is manifested similarly, The number of components found in the mixture could be different from the apparent N where the first, second, and third terms refer to all of the possible monomers, heterodimers, and heterotrimers, respectively.…”

Review and Thermodynamic Modeling with NRTL Model of Vapor–Liquid Equilibria (VLE) of Aroma Compounds Highly Diluted in Ethanol–Water Mixtures at 101.3 kPa

“…The aroma compounds considered are ethanal 8 and ethyl lactate. 40 This latter study was carried out by the same authors of this paper.…”

“…Specific measurements for ternary systems have also been reported. The aroma compounds considered are ethanal and ethyl lactate . This latter study was carried out by the same authors of this paper.…”

“…This case covers the Gillespie-type stills and more particularly the Labodest still, developed by i-Fischer Engineering GmbH. A detailed description of this latter has been already presented in several experimental works. ,,, …”

Study of Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium of Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Based on Ethyl Lactate and Partitioning of Rutin and Quercetin

“…The UNIQUAC model requires the volume, r i , and surface area q i, parameters for each pure component i . In this study, for EL and water, the values were taken from the literature, and for organic salts, the values were calculated, and they are presented in Table S4. According to the UNIQUAC model, the six parameters obtained from the experimental LLE data, Δ u ij , and the corresponding root-mean-square deviation of the composition, σ x , are given in Table .…”