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The ionic liquids 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [BMpyr]­[TfO], 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis­(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)­imide, [BMpyr]­[NTf2], and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide, [BMpyr]­[DCA], have been studied as solvents for the extraction of benzene from its mixtures with several aliphatic hydrocarbons. The liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) of the ternary systems {octane (1) + benzene (2) + [BMpyr]­[TfO] (3)}, {decane (1) + benzene (2) + [BMpyr]­[TfO] (3)}, {dodecane (1) + benzene (2) + [BMpyr]­[TfO] (3)}, {dodecane (1) + benzene (2) + [BMpyr]­[NTf2] (3)}, and {dodecane (1) + benzene (2) + [BMpyr]­[DCA] (3)} at T = 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure was carried out. The solute distribution ratio and selectivity values derived from the tie-lines were used to evaluate if the studied ionic liquids can be used as extraction solvents, and the obtained values were compared with those found in the literature for the traditional organic solvents. Finally, experimental LLE data for the ternary mixtures were correlated by means of the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) thermodynamic model.

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Two ethyl lactate (EL)-based aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) were studied at T = 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Sodium tartrate and potassium sodium tartrate organic salts have been used to form biphasic systems. To assess the phase splitting, binodal curves and tie-lines were obtained experimentally by the cloud point method and a technique, which consist of the density and refractive index, respectively. Binodal curves were fitted with the Merchuk equation obtaining a good fit. Moreover, modeling with the universal quasichemical thermodynamic equation was carried out to accurately represent the two-biphasic systems. Furthermore, experimental binodal curves obtained in this work and literature results for the same systems and for systems with EL and other salts were analyzed regarding their similarity. Finally, the application of the adopted ATPS in the partitioning of two flavonoids, rutin and quercetin, was studied in terms of the partition coefficients and the percentage of extraction. Rutin and quercetin showed better affinity to the EL-rich phase, evidencing that the use of the proposed ATPS may be a successful technique in the biotechnological industry for the separation of each flavonoid.