Vapor-Deposited Biointerfaces and Bacteria: An Evolving Conversation

Abstract

At the biointerface where materials and microorganisms meet, the organic and synthetic worlds merge into a new science that directs the design and safe use of synthetic materials for biological applications. Vapor deposition techniques provide an effective way to control the material properties of these biointerfaces with molecular-level precision that is important for biomaterials to interface with bacteria. In recent years, biointerface research that focuses on bacteria–surface interactions has been primarily driven by the goals of killing bacteria (antimicrobial) and fouling prevention (antifouling). Nevertheless, vapor deposition techniques have the potential to create biointerfaces with features that can manipulate and dictate the behavior of bacteria rather than killing or deterring them. In this review, we focus on recent advances in antimicrobial and antifouling biointerfaces produced through vapor deposition and provide an outlook on opportunities to capitalize on the features of these techniques to find unexplored connections between surface features and microbial behavior.

An imidazolium-based zwitterionic polymer for antiviral and antibacterial dual functional coatings

“…In addition to the excellent antiviral performance, the imidazoliumbased zwitterionic polymer also led to reduced biofilm formation, which was comparable to the antifouling performance of methacrylateor pyridine-based zwitterionic polymers reported to date (47). To characterize the fouling resistance of CP55-60, P. aeruginosa, strain PAO1, was selected as the model organism for its known ability to rampantly produce biofilm (48) and the large amount of hospitalization cases caused by PAO1 each year (49).…”

Chemical vapour deposition

“…Low defect levels are essential for device applications as well as for surfaces interacting with living cells and tissues 138 , as highighted below.…”

Controlled Release Utilizing Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposited (iCVD) of Polymeric Nanolayers

“…The iCVD method couples the versatility of organic chemistry with the high-purity and systematic process control of alldry vacuum processing (Gleason, 2015;Wang et al, 2017a;Matsumura et al, 2019). Surfaces in direct contact with living cells and tissues must be free of impurities and stable under the conditions of use (Donadt and Yang, 2020). A vapor-deposition approach to surface modification eliminates the possibility of contamination by any residual solvent.…”