Vancomycin-dependent Enterococcus faecium vanA: characterization of the first case isolated in a university hospital in Brazil

Kerbauy, Gilselena; Perugini, Marcia Regina Eches; Yamauchi, Lucy Megumi; Yamada‐Ogatta, Sueli Fumie

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500006

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Fifteen µl of PCR product for 111isolates were sent to Macrogen company for purification and sequencing. Bacterial species were identified by Basic Local Alignment search tool (BLAST) followed by National Center for Biotechnology Information (Kerbauy et al,2011), the phylogenetic tree for 16S rRNA was drawn by MAFFT after concatenation at 1166 bp by adding all the corrected nucleotide sequences of the bacterial species together in the Clustal Omega program that's including 22 bacterial species with their reference strain.…”

Section: Molecular Identification Bacterial Species Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of hla, hlb, hlgC, hld & cylA hemolysin genes and their alleles in different bacterial species isolated from the variant clinical sources in Basrah

2023

JPTCP

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Hemolysin is the most important virulence factor responsible for defecting in the plasma membranes of various types of host cells. One hundred and twenty-eight samples were collected from different clinical sources showing 111 (86.72%) bacterial isolates including 24 different bacterial species identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Most of bacterial isolates have the ability to lyse the blood cells, delta hemolysin showed 50 (45.05 %) of isolates were positive on blood agar (BA), while 97 (87.39%) of isolates had the hld gene, followed by gamma 47(42.43%) on BA and 98 (88.28%) have of hlgC and 39 (35.14%) of isolates as beta on BA and 75 (67.57%) of hlb followed by alpha 37(33.33%) on BA and 46 (41.4%) of hla. Finally, 68 (61.26%) had the cytolysin A gene (cylA). The sequence of hemolysins revealed different number of alleles for hla, hlb, hlg and hld except for the cylA gene containing one allele only. The hemolysins were detected in 24 different bacterial species in addition to S. aureus. hla showed a new spontaneous mutation containing a new allele recorded in the NCBI.

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Section: Molecular Identification Bacterial Species Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of hla, hlb, hlgC, hld & cylA hemolysin genes and their alleles in different bacterial species isolated from the variant clinical sources in Basrah

2023

JPTCP

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“…The fact that exogenous supplementation of D -Ala- D -Ala may rescue growth in these strains confirms this [ 7 , 72 , 80 ]. Different types of ddl inactivating mutations including nonsynonymous mutations [ 67 , 68 , 78 , 79 , 87 – 90 ], partial deletions [ 68 ] and frameshifts [ 75 , 81 , 91 ] in VD bacteria are reported. In some cases, experimental evidence of the impairment of D -Alanine– D -Alanine ligase activity of the resultant mutant Ddl protein has been obtained, with reductions in activity ranging from 200 to 1000 fold [ 79 , 87 , 90 ].…”

Section: Bacterial Dependence On Vancomycinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such dependent strains are not considered primary pathogens and are isolated as result of the microbiological surveillance in these patients. Examples of this include an enterococci isolated from a patient receiving vancomycin to treat a sepsis caused by a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus , E. faecium from the faces of a patient receiving vancomycin to treat methicillin/oxacillin-resistant S. aureus and an E. faecium isolated from a female patient on intravenous vancomycin therapy for multiple traumatic injuries [ 71 , 75 , 82 ]. In these cases, the pathogenic potential of the strains is not established [ 92 ].…”

Section: Clinical Implications Of Antibiotic Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Fierce poison to others: the phenomenon of bacterial dependence on antibiotics

2023

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Beyond the development of resistance, the effects of antibiotics on bacteria and microbial communities are complex and far from exhaustively studied. In the context of the current global antimicrobial resistance crisis, understanding the adaptive and physiological responses of bacteria to antimicrobials is of paramount importance along with the development of new therapies. Bacterial dependence on antibiotics is a phenomenon in which antimicrobials instead of eliminating the pathogens actually provide a boost for their growth. This trait comprises an extreme example of the complexities of responses elicited by microorganisms to these drugs. This compelling evolutionary trait was readily described along with the first wave of antibiotics use and dependence to various antimicrobials has been reported. Nevertheless, current molecular characterizations have been focused on dependence on vancomycin, linezolid and colistin, three critically important antibiotics frequently used as last resource therapy for multi resistant pathogens. Outstanding advances have been made in understanding the molecular basis for the dependence to vancomycin, including specific mutations involved. Regarding linezolid and colistin, the general physiological components affected by the dependence, namely ribosomes and membrane function respectively, have been established. Nonetheless the implications of antibiotic dependence in clinically relevant features, such as virulence, epidemics, relationship with development of resistance, diagnostics and therapy effectiveness require clarification. This review presents a brief introduction of the phenomenon of bacterial dependence to antibiotics and a summary on early and current research concerning the basis for this trait. Furthermore, the available information on the effect of dependence in key clinical aspects is discussed. The studies performed so far underline the need to fully disclose the biological and clinical significance of this trait in pathogens to successfully assess its role in resistance and to design adjusted therapies.

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“…Unfortunately, suspension of vancomycin treatment may be insufficient to cure VDE infections due to the rapid reversion of VDE to vancomycin-independent colonies in vitro [ 440 ], likely through further mutations that allow re-activation of D-Ala-D-Ala synthesis or constitutive activation of an alternative van pathway [ 82 ]. Although rare, VDE infections in human patients have been reported in the literature [ 439 , 440 , 441 , 443 , 444 , 445 , 446 , 447 , 448 ]. However, due to the infrequent nature of such infections, VDE are poorly studied and understood, while optimum treatment guidelines remain unclear [ 445 ].…”

Section: Vancomycinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus

Walker

Oliveira

2022

Microorganisms

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Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus are both common commensals and major opportunistic human pathogens. In recent decades, these bacteria have acquired broad resistance to several major classes of antibiotics, including commonly employed glycopeptides. Exemplified by resistance to vancomycin, glycopeptide resistance is mediated through intrinsic gene mutations, and/or transferrable van resistance gene cassette-carrying mobile genetic elements. Here, this review will discuss the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus in healthcare, community, and agricultural settings, explore vancomycin resistance in the context of van and non-van mediated resistance development and provide insights into alternative therapeutic approaches aimed at treating drug-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus infections.

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Vancomycin-dependent Enterococcus faecium vanA: characterization of the first case isolated in a university hospital in Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Distribution of hla, hlb, hlgC, hld & cylA hemolysin genes and their alleles in different bacterial species isolated from the variant clinical sources in Basrah

Distribution of hla, hlb, hlgC, hld & cylA hemolysin genes and their alleles in different bacterial species isolated from the variant clinical sources in Basrah

Fierce poison to others: the phenomenon of bacterial dependence on antibiotics

Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus

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