Value of Primordial and Primary Prevention for Cardiovascular Disease

Weintraub, William S.; Daniels, Stephen R.; Burke, Lora E.; Franklin, Barry A.; Goff, David C.; Hayman, Laura L.; Lloyd‐Jones, Donald M.; Pandey, Dilip K.; Sánchez, Eduardo; Schram, Andrea Parsons; Whitsel, Laurie

doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182285a81

Cited by 454 publications

(289 citation statements)

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“…To prevent future cardiovascular devastating events, each component of the syndrome must be identified as early as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment for hypertension [29] and dyslipidemia have the potential to reduce teenagers' risk of developing CVD in adulthood [7,30]. Assessment of structure/function measures of the vasculature by simple noninvasive methods can identify early vascular damage in young asymptomatic subjects.…”

Section: Screening For High Blood Pressure In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, efforts for combating future CVD should be directed to prevent MetS and lifelong exposure to cardiometabolic risk in children. Acknowledging the potential implications for public health, screening for cardiovascular risk factors in children is now recommended by American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) [6], American Heart Association (AHA) [7], and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic Syndrome: Bridging the Gap from Childhood to Adulthood

Ağırbaşlı

Tanrikulu

Berenson

2016

Cardiovascular Therapeutics

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SUMMARYChildhood and adolescence are particularly vulnerable periods of life to the effects of cardiometabolic risk and later development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Developing countries with limited resources suffer most heavily from the consequences of cardiometabolic risk in children and its future implications to the global health burden. A better understanding of mechanisms leading to cardiometabolic risk in early life may lead to more effective prevention and intervention strategies to reduce metabolic stress in children and later disease. Longitudinal "tracking" studies of cardiometabolic risk in children provide a tremendous global resource to direct prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will summarize the pathophysiology, existing definitions for cardiometabolic risk components in children. Screening and identifying children and adolescents of high cardiometabolic risk and encouraging them and their families through healthy lifestyle changes should be implemented to as a global public health strategy.

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Section: Screening For High Blood Pressure In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome: Bridging the Gap from Childhood to Adulthood

Ağırbaşlı

Tanrikulu

Berenson

2016

Cardiovascular Therapeutics

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“…Mendelian randomization studies support a causal role for obesity in abnormal cardiovascular disease risk factors for the development of adult atherosclerosis 19, 20. Identifying children based on adiposity who are at risk for clinically evident cardiovascular disease later in life may be an important strategy for cardiovascular disease prevention 18, 21…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Adiposity: Implications in Youth

Fyfe‐Johnson

Ryder

Alonso

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundThe American Heart Association set 2020 Strategic Impact Goals that defined cardiovascular risk factors to be included in the concept of ideal cardiovascular health (ICH). The prevalence of ICH among differing levels of adiposity in youth, especially severe obesity, is uncertain.Methods and ResultsThe cross‐sectional study measured ICH metrics in 300 children and adolescents stratified by adiposity: normal weight, overweight/obese, and severely obese. ICH incorporates 7 behavioral and health metrics, and was characterized as poor, intermediate, or ideal. Individual ICH metrics were transformed into standardized sample z‐scores; a summary ICH sample z‐score was also calculated. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate differences in ICH sample z‐scores by adiposity status. Of the 300 participants, 113 were classified as having normal weight, 87 as having overweight/obesity, and 100 as having severe obesity (mean age 12.8 years, SD 2.7; 48% female). No participants met the criteria for ICH; 80% of those classified as having normal weight, 81% of those with overweight/obesity, and all of those with severe obesity were in poor cardiovascular health. After multivariable adjustment, those with overweight/obesity (sample z‐score: −1.35; 95% confidence interval, −2.3, −1.1) and severe obesity (sample z‐score: −1.45; 95% confidence interval, −2.9, −0.92) had lower overall ICH sample z‐scores compared with participants with normal weight. Results were similar for individual ICH metrics.ConclusionsPoor cardiovascular health was highly prevalent in youth; ICH sample z‐scores increased across levels of adiposity. Youth with obesity, particularly those with severe obesity, remain a rich target for primary prevention efforts.Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01508598.

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“…The majority of the main risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease are preventable and modifi able by lifestyle changes (1). Evidence has shown that overweight, eating behaviors and physical activity affect most cardiometabolic variables associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as serum lipids, blood pressure, waist circumference and insulin resistance (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between water intake, body composition and cardiometabolic factors among children - The Cuenca study

et al. 2016

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Introduction: Beverage consumption and its possible association with current obesity epidemic and metabolic syndrome is under investigation in recent years, however water intake is probably the most underestimated of all beverages and could play an important role. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between water intake, body composition and cardiometabolic factors in a sample of Spanish children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 366 schoolchildren (53.5% girls) aged 9-11 years from the province of Cuenca in Spain. Data of anthropometrics, body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiorespiratory fi tness variables were collected. Beverage consumption was assessed using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Results: We found an inverse association between the consumption of water (ml)/kg per weight with BMI, body fat, fat-free mass, waist circumference, insulin levels, HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), and with arterial pressure parameters, systolic (p < 0.010) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.028), and mean arterial pressure (p < 0.012), as well as direct associations with HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001). In ANCOVA analyses, children who drank less water (ml)/kg per weight, had higher levels of LDL cholesterol (p < 0.050) and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (p < 0.042), and overweight-obesity subjects drank less water (ml)/kg per weight than normal peers (p < 0.011). Besides, children with lower levels of HDL cholesterol and higher levels of triglycerides and blood pressure had less water intake as a beverage. Finally, children who drank less water from beverages had high levels of LDL cholesterol. Conclusions: Higher consumption of water (ml)/kg per weight was negatively associated with BMI, body fat, fat-free mass, waist circumference, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and positively with HDL cholesterol in children independently of age, sex and cardiorespiratory fi tness. In addition, overweight-obese children drank less water (ml)/kg per weight than normoweight ones. Therefore, water consumption is associated with numerous health benefi ts and its adequate intake could contribute to prevent obesity and metabolic syndrome in childhood.

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Value of Primordial and Primary Prevention for Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 454 publications

References 184 publications

Metabolic Syndrome: Bridging the Gap from Childhood to Adulthood

Metabolic Syndrome: Bridging the Gap from Childhood to Adulthood

Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Adiposity: Implications in Youth

The association between water intake, body composition and cardiometabolic factors among children - The Cuenca study

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