Value of bifacial photovoltaics used with highly reflective ground materials on single‐axis trackers and fixed‐tilt systems: a Danish case study

Riedel, Nicholas; Poulsen, Peter Behrensdorff; Jakobsen, Michael Linde; Nørgaard, Per; Vedde, Jan

doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2020.0580

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The testbed shown in Fig. 1(a) is located near Roskilde, Denmark (55.6°N, 12.1°E) within the Technical University of Denmark's (DTU) outdoor PV test facility [18] [22]. The 25° fixed-tilt 14.2 kWp grid-tied array contains 24 large-area bifacial PERC (passivated emitter and rear cell) modules that became commercially available in 2021.…”

Section: A Outdoor Measurement Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Irradiance With Bifacial Reference Panels

Riedel

Bartholomaus

Vedde

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Photovoltaics

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The heterogenous nature and spectral distribution of rear plane-of-array irradiance RPOA presents challenges when measured by small-area sensors such as pyranometers. Bifacial reference modules serving as largearea sensors can simplify irradiance monitoring because their electrical response follows that of the power generating modules in an array. This article compares RPOA and effective irradiance GE measured by calibrated reference modules against three commonly used small-area sensors including pyranometers, reference cells, and photodiodes. A technology-matched monofacial module is mounted side-by-side with the bifacial reference to decouple effective irradiance measurements into front and backside contributions. The results show that RPOA and GE measurements made with reference panels have the best correlation to reference cells. The mean absolute errors between the two measurement approaches are 9% relative, 4 W/m 2 absolute for RPOA and 4% relative, 7 W/m 2 absolute for GE. When GE measurements from the four sensor types are used to predict string-level power, the reference panel measurements show a 3.4% prediction error, which is comparable to that achieved when using GE measurements from pyranometers (3.0%) and reference cells (2.9%) thereby suggesting that reference modules can be used to accurately measure RPOA and GE in bifacial systems.

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Section: A Outdoor Measurement Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Irradiance With Bifacial Reference Panels

Riedel

Bartholomaus

Vedde

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Photovoltaics

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“…Patel et al [37] found that for systems with modulerelated costs higher than land-related costs and project latitude higher than 30 • , the tilt angle of bifacial photovoltaic modules is 10 • -45 • , and the LCOE can be reduced by 2-6%. Riedel-Lyngskaer et al [38] pointed out that, compared to the optimal fixed-tilt mounted system, a horizontal single-axis tracker system can reduce the LCOE by 3.5 EUR/MWh, and a bifacial photovoltaic module can reduce LCOE by 4.0 EUR/MWh. Furthermore, the high cost and structural complexity have limited the wide application of dual-axis tracker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency Enhancement of Tilted Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules with Horizontal Single-Axis Tracker—The Bifacial Companion Method

Wang

Shen

Zhou³

et al. 2022

Energies

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Bifacial photovoltaic modules combined with horizontal single-axis tracker are widely used to achieve the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE). In this study, to further increase the power production of photovoltaic systems, the bifacial companion method is proposed for light supplementation and the efficiency enhancement of tilted bifacial modules with a horizontal single-axis tracker. Specifically, a solar reflector is added to the rear end of the tilted bifacial photovoltaic module to guide the sunlight and promote power generation on the rear end. The technical feasibility of the proposed method is verified through optimal calculation and prototype experimental test. The theoretical calculation results suggest that the bifacial companion system is particularly suitable for mid-to-high latitude areas. The higher the latitude, the higher the gain ratio of generated power in the system; there is an optimal module tilt angle that maximizes the efficiency at different latitudes. The closer the module tilt angle to the optimal tilt angle, the higher the power generation efficiency of the system. Meanwhile, compared to the fixed solar reflector, the use of tracking solar reflector is more conducive to improving the power generation efficiency of the system. For the 37.5° latitude area, the annual average power generation gain ratio of the bifacial companion system with tracking solar reflector and fixed solar reflector can reach up to 30% and 17%, respectively. Additionally, the test results for the three sets of bifacial companion prototypes (module tilt angles of 10°, 20°, and 30°) with a fixed solar reflector show that the maximum gain ratio of daily power generation in August 2021 are 8.2%, 13%, and 18.1%, and that in September 2021 are 7%, 8.7% and 13.7%, respectively, which are consistent with the theoretical results.

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“…Bifacial modules can convert irradiance from the front and rear side, enabling higher energy yields without more complicated fabrication procedures. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Consequently, the market share of bifacial modules has dramatically increased from 2% in 2016 32 to 28% in 2021 33 and is projected to grow to about 60% by 2032, 33 indicating the need to update the standard to bifacial modules.…”

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confidence: 99%

Developing an energy rating for bifacial photovoltaic modules

Vogt

Pilis

Zeman

et al. 2023

Progress in Photovoltaics

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The photovoltaic (PV) module energy rating standard series IEC 61853 does not cover bifacial PV modules. However, the market share of bifacial PV modules has dramatically increased in recent years and is projected to grow. This work demonstrates how Parts 3 and 4 of the IEC 61853 standard could be extended to bifacial modules. First, we develop an irradiance model that uses the data already given in the standard IEC 61853-4 to calculate the irradiance on the rear side of the module.Second, we propose a way to extend the energy yield calculation algorithm IEC 61853-3 to include bifacial modules and make it available to the PV community. This rear irradiance and bifacial energy yield calculation procedure is tested using real outdoor measurements for a nine-month period with a root mean square difference between measured and simulated energy yield of 4.65%. To conclude, we investigate the impact of different climates and normalization on the bifacial module energy rating results.

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Value of bifacial photovoltaics used with highly reflective ground materials on single‐axis trackers and fixed‐tilt systems: a Danish case study

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Measuring Irradiance With Bifacial Reference Panels

Measuring Irradiance With Bifacial Reference Panels

Efficiency Enhancement of Tilted Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules with Horizontal Single-Axis Tracker—The Bifacial Companion Method

Developing an energy rating for bifacial photovoltaic modules

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