Value from adversity: How we deal with adversity matters

Higgins, E. Tory; Marguc, Janina; Scholer, Abigail A.

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.02.012

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As one example of how strength of engagement in what you are doing can affect the positivity of a positive target, Higgins et al (2012) examined the impact of engagement on the value of a prize. Adverse background noises played while participants worked to solve enough anagrams to win a prize, and strength of engagement in the prize-related work depended on how the participants were instructed to deal with the adversity.…”

Section: Regulatory Engagement and Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When people encounter adversity in goal pursuit, they can either redouble their focus on the task at hand-e.g., the kind of response to difficulty that Woodworth (1940) described as resistance, such as leaning into a wind that is impeding your progress-or they can direct their attention away from the task at hand and attend instead to something else, such as their unpleasant feelings. In the Higgins et al (2012) study, the participants were instructed to deal with the noise either by ''opposing'' it as an interference or by ''coping'' with the unpleasant feelings it created. Poorer recognition of the content of the background noise was used to check that participants did indeed follow instructions by paying attention to the opposing or coping response rather than to the background noise.…”

Section: Regulatory Engagement and Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Scarcity, engagement, and value

et al. 2014

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Scarcity has been found to intensify value, positive or negative, rather than simply enhancing it. Some researchers have proposed that scarcity affects value by increasing how much attention is paid to a stimulus. We conceptualized sustained attention as stronger engagement and operationalized a situation of scarcity by telling participants who were choosing between two objects that the object that was chosen would then be replaced (Replenish) or not replaced (Scarce). To distinguish sustained attentionstronger engagement in a situation of scarcity from grabbing attention (salience from distinctiveness), the choice was between one option with a single instance (solitaryhigh salience) and a second option with several duplicates (abundant-low salience). We predicted that stronger engagement from a situation of scarcity would, first, intensify the value of the chosen item regardless of whether it was solitary or abundant, with positive items becoming more positive and negative items becoming more negative, and second, the stronger engagement from the situation of scarcity would transfer intensification to another separate object in the same setting. The results of Studies 1 and 2 supported both of these predictions. Study 3 tested a boundary condition for these scarcity-engagement effects in terms of how real participants experienced the choice items to be, where 'realness' is another source of engagement strength. As expected, the scarcity-engagement effect on intensifying value was replicated for participants who experienced the activity as real but was eliminated for those who did not.

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Section: Regulatory Engagement and Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulatory Engagement and Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Scarcity, engagement, and value

et al. 2014

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“…Psychological models suggest that the users can motivate themselves to give up the drug either by opposing the cravings or by coping with the unpleasant feelings resulting from withdrawal (Higgins, Marguc, & Scholer, 2012). The author suggests that the active opposition is more likely to increase the value of the prize (and the motivation to work harder to achieve it) and that those who merely cope are more likely to be weaker, and the value of the prize would thus decrease (resulting in the increased potential for a relapse).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Consider our plight”: A cry for help from nyaope users

Mokwena

2016

Health SA Gesondheid

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a b s t r a c tNyaope is a relatively new drug which until recently was not classified as illegal. It is widely used by many young and poor people in predominantly Black townships and users can be easily identified as they usually assemble in open spaces such as parks and taxi ranks and have formed a community through which they support one another in the habit. In addition to this, users often display poor personal hygiene and often resort to stealing and selling stolen goods in order to sustain their habit. There is a paucity of literature on nyaope and its use and impact, and the present study is a qualitative exploration of the experiences of nyaope users in three provinces, namely Gauteng, Mpumalanga and North West. The findings highlight the strong addictive nature of the drug, the ease of access, and the unfavourable social environment which promotes initial use and difficulty in quitting.Nyaope users typically express a desire to find and utilise help in order to overcome their current circumstances. a b s t r a kNyaope is 'n relatiewe nuwe dwelmmiddel wat algemeen gebruik word deur die meerderheid jong, hoofsaaklik arm mense wat in swart buurte woon. Dit is eers onlangs dat die dwelmmiddel as onwettig geklassifiseer is. Gemeenskappe wat mekaar ondersteun in die gewoonte van die dwelm misbruik kom gewoonlik saam in oop areas in dorps gebiede soos parke en huurmotor staan plekke. Gebruikers kan maklik uitgeken word aan swak persoonlike higiene en die neiging om enigiets te steel om geld te kry om hulle gewoonte te ondersteun. Literatuur oor nyaope, die gebruik daarvan en die impak op die verbruiker is relatief skaars. Hierdie studie was 'n kwalitatiewe eksploratiewe ondersoek oor die ondervindinge van nyaope gebruikers wat uitgevoer is in drie provinsies naamlik Gauteng, Mpumalanga en Noord Wes. Die bevindinge beklemtoon dat nyaope hoogs verslawend en makilik bekombaar is en 'n ongunstige sosiale omgewing dra by tot die gebruik. . Nyaope gebruikers is ongelukkig met die toestand waarin hulle hulle bevind en vra vir hulp aangesien hulle dit moelik vind om die gewoonte op te gee.

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“…Obstacles to goal pursuit, which arise continuously in the ongoing process of self-regulation, can be dealt with either by disengaging from what one is doing or by engaging more strongly in what one is doing. Based on the psychological characteristics of promotion vs. prevention goal pursuit, these different ways of dealing with adversity could be used tactically – that is, by intentionally decreasing or increasing individuals’ goal pursuit engagement strength (see Higgins, Marguc, & Scholer, 2012). We hypothesized that because promotion failure can lead to a hypomotivated, underengaged, dysphoric state, intervening to increase engagement in promotion goal pursuit could be effective in reducing depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Regulatory Focus/regulatory Fit As Bases For Novel Interventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microinterventions targeting regulatory focus and regulatory fit selectively reduce dysphoric and anxious mood

Strauman

Socolar

Kwapil

et al. 2015

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Depression and generalized anxiety, separately and as comorbid states, continue to represent a significant public health challenge. Current cognitive-behavioral treatments are clearly beneficial but there remains a need for continued development of complementary interventions. This manuscript presents two proof-of-concept studies, in analog samples, of “microinterventions” derived from regulatory focus and regulatory fit theories and targeting dysphoric and anxious symptoms. In Study 1, participants with varying levels of dysphoric and/or anxious mood were exposed to a brief intervention either to increase or to reduce engagement in personal goal pursuit, under the hypothesis that dysphoria indicates under-engagement of the promotion system whereas anxiety indicates over-engagement of the prevention system. In Study 2, participants with varying levels of dysphoric and/or anxious mood received brief training in counterfactual thinking, under the hypothesis that inducing individuals in a state of promotion failure to generate subtractive counterfactuals for past failures (a non-fit) will lessen their dejection/depression-related symptoms, whereas inducing individuals in a state of prevention failure to generate additive counterfactuals for past failures (a non-fit) will lessen their agitation/anxiety-related symptoms. In both studies, we observed discriminant patterns of reduction in distress consistent with the hypothesized links between dysfunctional states of the two motivational systems and dysphoric versus anxious symptoms.

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Value from adversity: How we deal with adversity matters

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Scarcity, engagement, and value

Scarcity, engagement, and value

“Consider our plight”: A cry for help from nyaope users

Microinterventions targeting regulatory focus and regulatory fit selectively reduce dysphoric and anxious mood

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